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我國棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平進(jìn)一步提高，實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收

2018-09-27 15:24:27 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：39860 評論

導(dǎo)讀：棉花是我國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，而且我國也是世界上大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費國，棉花產(chǎn)量在1978年僅有217萬噸，2017年達(dá)到565萬噸，增產(chǎn)348萬噸。棉花產(chǎn)量快速提高為我國成為制造業(yè)大國提供了堅實支撐，但同時棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平也制約著生產(chǎn)率的提高。近年來，由于棉花生產(chǎn)資料和勞動力等生產(chǎn)成本卻持續(xù)上升，效益空間不斷被壓縮，種植面積持續(xù)下滑。因此，大力推廣棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化刻不容緩。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 棉花是我國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，而且我國也是世界上大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費國，棉花產(chǎn)量在1978年僅有217萬噸，2017年達(dá)到565萬噸，增產(chǎn)348萬噸。棉花產(chǎn)量快速提高為我國成為制造業(yè)大國提供了堅實支撐，但同時棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平也制約著生產(chǎn)率的提高。近年來，由于棉花生產(chǎn)資料和勞動力等生產(chǎn)成本卻持續(xù)上升，效益空間不斷被壓縮，種植面積持續(xù)下滑。因此，大力推廣棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化刻不容緩。
 
　　山東省魯北棉區(qū)棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化試驗示范田實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收
 
　　9月23日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)推廣總站牽頭邀請有關(guān)專家組成棉花測產(chǎn)驗收組，對山東省無棣縣兩塊機(jī)采棉種植模式試驗示范田進(jìn)行了實地測產(chǎn)。兩個示范區(qū)種植面積均為100畝，專家組按照《全國棉花高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建示范片測產(chǎn)驗收辦法》測算。測產(chǎn)結(jié)果為：無棣縣景國合作社示范片密度為5260株/畝，平均畝鈴數(shù)70768個，鈴重5.56g，畝產(chǎn)籽棉334.5kg；無棣縣牧禾農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)合作聯(lián)合社示范片密度為5640株/畝，平均畝鈴數(shù)75200個，畝產(chǎn)皮棉354.1kg。示范區(qū)比常規(guī)種植增產(chǎn)30%～40%。
 
　　無棣縣的200畝棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化示范基地，是由農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化推進(jìn)行動專家指導(dǎo)組棉花組與農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)推廣總站、山東省農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)推廣站、山東棉花研究中心、無棣縣農(nóng)機(jī)部門，共同建立的黃河流域棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化示范基地，是由陳學(xué)庚院士親自指導(dǎo)建設(shè)的，示范田借鑒新疆建設(shè)兵團(tuán)植棉經(jīng)驗，采用激光整平土地、機(jī)械深耕深松、衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航施肥與膜上打孔播種、膜下滴灌等新技術(shù)。核心是提高耕整地質(zhì)量，增加播種密度，強化化控、水肥管理措施，實現(xiàn)既提高棉花品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量，又適合機(jī)采，全面提升全程機(jī)械化水平，提高棉花生產(chǎn)效益。
 
　　新疆沙灣縣機(jī)采棉迎來2.0時代 實現(xiàn)從播種到采收全程機(jī)械化
 
　　9月22日一早,新疆沙灣縣金溝河鎮(zhèn)宋圣宮村村民穆建忠早早來到棉花地里,準(zhǔn)備一天的采收。種了十幾年棉花的他,見證了沙灣縣棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,也見證過無數(shù)次的豐收,但是今年的采收對于他來說,將是一次具有里程碑意義的豐收。今年沙灣縣農(nóng)科金岳農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社聯(lián)合社引進(jìn)了全新打包式采棉機(jī),棉花采收、打包全程機(jī)械化,避免了傳統(tǒng)采棉機(jī)在棉花轉(zhuǎn)運過程中被頭發(fā)絲等雜質(zhì)污染的問題,大幅提高了棉花品質(zhì)。
 
　　“新型采棉機(jī)的應(yīng)用將沙灣機(jī)采棉進(jìn)入2.0時代。”沙灣縣農(nóng)科金岳農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社聯(lián)合社理事長韓波介紹,新型采棉機(jī)不僅個頭大了許多,工作效率也比過去提高了1倍,一臺采棉機(jī)一天可實現(xiàn)作業(yè)面積800畝，韓波說,這種新型打包采棉機(jī)可以避免棉花被頭發(fā)絲等異性纖維污染,提高了棉花在軋花廠加工環(huán)節(jié)的質(zhì)量,*一項可為棉農(nóng)每畝增收100元左右,在彌補采棉機(jī)成本升高的同時,還創(chuàng)造了新的效益,優(yōu)勢明顯。
 
　　目前,沙灣縣農(nóng)科金岳農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社聯(lián)合社所經(jīng)營的棉花已實現(xiàn)從播種到采收的全程機(jī)械化,每年在縣域內(nèi)實現(xiàn)機(jī)采作業(yè)面積近40萬畝,并已在阿克蘇等地的棉花產(chǎn)區(qū)實現(xiàn)跨區(qū)域作業(yè),服務(wù)范圍不斷延伸。“我們將用4年至5年的時間,逐步淘汰現(xiàn)有老舊采棉機(jī),實現(xiàn)沙灣采棉機(jī)的完整換代。”韓波說。
 
　　湖南衡陽縣：南方棉花田間管理機(jī)械化及智能化技術(shù)演示交流會召開
 
　　8月10至11日，由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)委員會發(fā)起的南方棉花田間管理機(jī)械化及智能化技術(shù)演示交流會在衡陽縣召開，中國工程院院士、新疆石河子大學(xué)教授陳學(xué)庚，湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)委員會副主任、湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院黨委書記柏連陽、衡陽市農(nóng)委主任劉詩真出席了會議。會議由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)委員會科教處處長蔡小漢主持，衡陽縣人民政府副縣長范振華致歡迎詞。與會代表先前往峴山鎮(zhèn)峴山村棉田現(xiàn)場觀摩了棉花田間管理機(jī)械化及智能化技術(shù)演示，接著進(jìn)行了會議交流。
 
　　陳學(xué)庚院士在會上對本次演示成果給予了高度評價，并在田間操作了機(jī)器，對機(jī)器的易用性表示肯定。陳學(xué)庚院士說，現(xiàn)在南方棉花機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)還在發(fā)展階段，需要更加突破，新的技術(shù)、新的理念需要進(jìn)一步推廣，要充分利用新的技術(shù)為農(nóng)業(yè)插上科技的翅膀。
 
　　劉詩真指出，現(xiàn)在的棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀是用工多、機(jī)械化程度低、效益不高，特別是衡陽市屬于丘陵地區(qū)，大型機(jī)械用不了，適宜小型機(jī)械，此次會議現(xiàn)場觀摩了一些新機(jī)型，讓人感到驚喜，充滿了信心。
 
　　柏連陽對會議進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。柏連陽表示，機(jī)械化要適應(yīng)農(nóng)民的需求，當(dāng)前棉花生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化程度不高，要好好學(xué)習(xí)新疆的成果，但不能照搬。機(jī)械化若無突破，棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)難以發(fā)展，棉花體系的同志要進(jìn)一步努力，把種植水平、機(jī)械化水平提到新高度。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：山東省農(nóng)機(jī)局、新疆日報、紅網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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