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我國胡蘿卜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化水平進(jìn)一步提高

2018-09-07 14:14:56 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：38072 評論

導(dǎo)讀：胡蘿卜作為營養(yǎng)又健康的蔬菜，是我國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國胡蘿卜種植面積占世界胡蘿卜總種植面積的40%左右，總產(chǎn)量則占33%以上，是當(dāng)之無愧的世界大胡蘿卜生產(chǎn)國。胡蘿卜是勞動密集型栽培作物，生產(chǎn)季節(jié)性強(qiáng)、用工多、人工作業(yè)勞動強(qiáng)度大、作業(yè)效率低，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)胡蘿卜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)是必然趨勢。近年來部分地區(qū)在破解胡蘿卜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化難題上取得了可喜的進(jìn)展。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 胡蘿卜作為營養(yǎng)又健康的蔬菜，是我國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國胡蘿卜種植面積占世界胡蘿卜總種植面積的40%左右，總產(chǎn)量則占33%以上，是當(dāng)之無愧的世界大胡蘿卜生產(chǎn)國。胡蘿卜是勞動密集型栽培作物，生產(chǎn)季節(jié)性強(qiáng)、用工多、人工作業(yè)勞動強(qiáng)度大、作業(yè)效率低，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)胡蘿卜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)是必然趨勢。近年來部分地區(qū)在破解胡蘿卜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化難題上取得了可喜的進(jìn)展。
 
　　青島成功研制胡蘿卜收獲機(jī) “成功率”98%
 
　　日前,由青農(nóng)大研制的自走式雙行胡蘿卜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)樣機(jī)在平度“綠色雙高”胡蘿卜試驗田進(jìn)行收獲試驗,收凈率達(dá)到了98.2%。專家稱,目前機(jī)器基本功能已經(jīng)具備,接下來要繼續(xù)優(yōu)化。據(jù)介紹,這臺胡蘿卜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)可同時完成雙行胡蘿卜的挖掘、夾持輸送、根葉分離、去土和集收等功能。經(jīng)樣機(jī)收獲試驗表明,機(jī)器收凈率達(dá)到了98.2%,損傷率為2.5%,生產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了0.11公頃/小時,也即每小時能收獲1.65畝胡蘿卜，平均每畝地節(jié)省人工費(fèi)800多元。
 
　　北京實現(xiàn)胡蘿卜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化
 
　　7月份，北京市房山區(qū)琉璃河鎮(zhèn)莊頭村的金利農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)專業(yè)合作社像往年一樣完成了胡蘿卜的播種。合作社理事長朱言利所要等待的就是11月份胡蘿卜的收獲。“7月初播種胡蘿卜，種植密度為4.5萬株/畝，壟作，根據(jù)土壤墑情適時灌溉，11月中旬收獲。冬季可實行土地休耕，恢復(fù)地力，涵養(yǎng)水源。”朱言利介紹道。
 
　　據(jù)了解，北京市農(nóng)業(yè)局農(nóng)機(jī)試驗鑒定推廣站在種植技術(shù)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，積極調(diào)研國內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的相關(guān)種植設(shè)備，針對目前馬鈴薯及胡蘿卜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)中的難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)攻克。針對每環(huán)節(jié)作業(yè)要求配套相應(yīng)的作業(yè)機(jī)具，陸續(xù)投入使用了馬鈴薯播種機(jī)、馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)、蔬菜播種機(jī)、夾拔式胡蘿卜收獲機(jī)等設(shè)備，實現(xiàn)了從馬鈴薯播種到胡蘿卜收獲的全程機(jī)械化作業(yè)。
 
　　四川簡陽胡蘿卜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)試驗示范項目順利完成驗收
 
　　近期，四川簡陽市蔬菜(胡蘿卜)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)試驗示范項目順利完成驗收。該項目業(yè)主簡陽市龍華農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社，在成都市、簡陽市農(nóng)機(jī)部門的指導(dǎo)下，合理選點(diǎn)、因地制宜成功引進(jìn)愛科S1204拖拉機(jī)，德沃胡蘿卜播種機(jī)，法國西蒙S3S胡蘿卜收獲機(jī)等，在四川省開展胡蘿卜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)試驗示范。2017年12月5日，順利召開全省蔬菜(胡蘿卜)生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化技術(shù)現(xiàn)場會，現(xiàn)場展示了胡蘿卜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)各主要環(huán)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)機(jī)具，并開展了蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化技術(shù)專題講座。
 
　　蔬菜(胡蘿卜)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)試驗項目，有力的促進(jìn)簡陽市蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)壯大，增加農(nóng)民收入，產(chǎn)生較好的社會效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益。220畝胡蘿卜試驗示范基地均產(chǎn)3000千克/畝、均價1.8元/千克，為市場提供綠色胡蘿卜660噸,銷售收入達(dá)到118.8萬元。通過機(jī)播、機(jī)收現(xiàn)場會和宣傳培訓(xùn)的影響，帶動周邊群眾轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，加快農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展步伐。該項目有利于水土保持，促進(jìn)生態(tài)平衡，提高土地生產(chǎn)率，同時增加了土壤的有機(jī)肥料，促進(jìn)了生態(tài)的有利循環(huán)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。今年簡陽市將進(jìn)一步加大全市蔬菜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的力度，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)具，努力探索試驗示范果蔬全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：四川新聞網(wǎng)、農(nóng)機(jī)化導(dǎo)報、半島網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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