農(nóng)用植保領域的無人機和噴霧機，你pick哪種？

2018-08-30 16:43:51 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：48251 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 在農(nóng)作物種植中，都講究“三分種、七分管”。這也是我國古代勞動人民基于當時的生產(chǎn)條件和生產(chǎn)力水平的實踐總結。但如今，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平的不斷提高，機械化和農(nóng)藥的利用讓種植戶在田間管理上花費的時間和精力比古代先賢所在的年代少了很多，這不得不歸功于植保機械的發(fā)展。
 
　　當前，在噴灑農(nóng)藥方面，現(xiàn)代化的植保機械大體可以分為田間噴霧機械(主要是噴霧機)和航空植保機械(也就是植保無人機)，今天筆者就噴霧機和植保無人機的共同點和優(yōu)缺點做一個對比，如果是你，你會選擇哪一個？

 

　　共同點：安全
 
　　在噴霧機、無人機等植保機械出現(xiàn)和普及之前，農(nóng)民噴灑農(nóng)藥主要采用人工背負式打藥的方式。這種設備一畝地需要2～3桶水，大約50～60升，既費時費力，又對施藥者身體健康產(chǎn)生威脅，而且打藥極不均勻，手持噴桿左右搖擺式的這種噴藥方法本身是非常落后的。
 
　　而采用噴霧機和無人機進行施藥，首先，使人遠離農(nóng)藥，不會發(fā)生農(nóng)藥中毒的情況；其次，相對于手工噴灑，作業(yè)效率可以大大提高，讓農(nóng)民從繁重的打藥作業(yè)中解放出來，實現(xiàn)變量噴霧、減量施藥，同時還能確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。

 

      優(yōu)缺點對比
 
　　·作業(yè)面積
 
　　相對來說，噴桿式噴霧機作業(yè)效率要高于植保無人機。據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，噴桿式噴霧機每天可作業(yè)千余畝地，而一臺植保無人機每天的作業(yè)量在300畝左右。
 
　　·飄移問題
 
　　噴灑農(nóng)藥時植保無人機飛行位置距離地面較高，因此作業(yè)時受天氣因素影響較大，若有3~4級風，即使降低飛行高度，農(nóng)藥還是會有飄移幾百米的可能；而噴桿式噴霧機作業(yè)高度較低，飄移少，且噴灑均勻，相對可減少農(nóng)藥用量與環(huán)境污染。

 

       ·適應性
 
　　在作業(yè)的適應性方面，噴桿式噴霧機作業(yè)高度可以按需要進行調(diào)節(jié)，并貼近作物進行打藥，能滿足不同高度作物的施藥需求，但噴霧機作業(yè)時轉移慢、不夠靈活同時可能會對農(nóng)作物造成不必要的損害；而植保無人則是適應不同地形的作業(yè)需求，無論是平地、丘陵，還行大田或是小農(nóng)田，都可以進行作業(yè)且小巧靈活、作業(yè)方便，不接觸農(nóng)作物沒有物理傷害。丘陵或小田塊不適合使用噴桿式噴霧機。
 
　　·功能性
 
　　無人機除噴灑農(nóng)藥外，還可進行播種作業(yè)；噴霧機則即可噴藥又可撒肥。
 
　　·市場占有率
 
　　據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，噴桿式噴霧機目前市場占有率可達20%，市場保有量達到60多萬臺，生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有150余家；而植保無人機雖然市場占有率不到10%，但市場保有量和航空植保服務組織都在進一步增加，加之國家政策對航空植保的扶持，相信植保無人機市場會進一步擴大。
 
　　綜上所述，噴霧機和無人機到底哪種更好一些呢？答案是——因地制宜。相對來說，噴霧機更適合大面積平原田地作業(yè)，而機車無法正常作業(yè)的特殊地塊則更適宜用無人機。當然，農(nóng)民采用哪種機器噴藥還要綜合考慮價格、補貼、土地面積、農(nóng)作物品種等各方面因素，無論選擇哪種，都是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進程加快的表現(xiàn)，淘汰人工背負式打藥方式是歷史的必然趨勢。
 
　　

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