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普及率不足10%：植保無人機推廣路還很漫長

2018-07-05 11:42:24 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：40392 評論

導讀：近幾年來在農(nóng)業(yè)領域一直很“火”的明星農(nóng)機具恐怕非植保無人機莫屬了。由于植保無人機作業(yè)自身適應性強，不受山地、丘陵等地形環(huán)境、種植方式、植物的高低因素影響，可以非常有效地解決作業(yè)難問題；同時不受作物長勢的限制，可解決作物生長中后期地面機械難以下田作業(yè)的問題，尤其在丘陵山區(qū)交通不便、人煙或內(nèi)澇嚴重的地區(qū)，地面機械難以進入作業(yè)，航空作業(yè)可很好地解決這一難題；不僅如此，相對于傳統(tǒng)的人工防治作業(yè)，植保無

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 近幾年來在農(nóng)業(yè)領域一直很“火”的明星農(nóng)機具恐怕非植保無人機莫屬了。由于植保無人機作業(yè)自身適應性強，不受山地、丘陵等地形環(huán)境、種植方式、植物的高低因素影響，可以非常有效地解決作業(yè)難問題；同時不受作物長勢的限制，可解決作物生長中后期地面機械難以下田作業(yè)的問題，尤其在丘陵山區(qū)交通不便、人煙或內(nèi)澇嚴重的地區(qū)，地面機械難以進入作業(yè)，航空作業(yè)可很好地解決這一難題；不僅如此，相對于傳統(tǒng)的人工防治作業(yè)，植保無人機更是農(nóng)民增收致富的好幫手。
 
　　湖南：植保無人機擔當湖南滅蟲害主力
 
　　近日南方稻區(qū)連續(xù)多雨，早稻病蟲害高發(fā)期來臨。湖南省農(nóng)委透露，在全省雙季稻區(qū)，2000架植保無人機升空打藥，擔當起滅蟲主力，助力農(nóng)民“蟲口奪糧”。
 
　　目前，各地早稻陸續(xù)進入孕穗抽穗期，這是產(chǎn)量形成的關鍵期，也是病蟲害重點防治期。禾苗生長茂盛，天氣時晴時雨，高溫高濕利于稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟的遷飛為害，也有利于稻瘟病、紋枯病的發(fā)生流行。根據(jù)植保預報，各地迅速打響“蟲口奪糧”戰(zhàn)役。
 
　　連日來，在益陽市大通湖區(qū)水稻現(xiàn)代生態(tài)技術集成示范基地，每天4架植保無人機在宏碩生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機合作社工作人員的操作下，升空打藥治蟲。據(jù)操作員介紹，一架植保無人機每天可噴藥200畝，對比以前人工打藥，大致相當于20個勞動力苦干一天。
 
　　專家介紹，無人機打藥，不僅工效高，而且用藥少，減少用藥量30%到50%。據(jù)省農(nóng)機局統(tǒng)計，目前全省有2000架植保無人機，一年可減少常規(guī)農(nóng)藥施用量500噸。
 
　　河南：開展無人機飛播造林試驗
 
　　7月1日下午，隨著操作員按下手中遙控器按鍵，百米高空那只展翅高飛的“小鳥”開始播撒希望的種子，一粒粒油松種子隨風飄散在河南省輝縣市東部山區(qū)蘇棗嶺上海拔800多米的荒山上。
 
　　7月1日至2日，河南省開展無人機飛播造林試驗，地點選在北部太行山區(qū)的輝縣、修武，試點面積2500畝，就此揭開我省采用無人機飛播造林的序幕。兩日來，無人機分別進行了載種量、航速、飛行高度、種子流速等不同參數(shù)試驗，以期為來年大規(guī)模推廣做準備。
 
　　河南省林業(yè)調(diào)查規(guī)劃院飛播站站長霍寶民表示，采用無人機新技術實施飛播造林，是探索開展大規(guī)模國土綠化行動的新途徑，對于解決河南省伏牛山、太行山山區(qū)困難造林地造林問題以及礦區(qū)生態(tài)修復都具有重要意義。
 
　　新疆呼圖壁縣：植保無人機帶來好收成
 
　　眼下正值農(nóng)作物田間管理關鍵時期，為及時防治農(nóng)田病蟲害，確保各類農(nóng)作物豐產(chǎn)豐收，新疆呼圖壁縣利用植保無人機進行噴藥作業(yè)。在田地里，兩架小型無人飛機在葫蘆地上空“噴云吐霧”，10分鐘就完成了40多畝葫蘆的農(nóng)藥噴灑作業(yè)，這讓種了40多年地的農(nóng)民林忠明大開眼界。林忠：“人工打藥比較浪費，人兌藥的時候多少灑的不均勻，多的多，少的少，造成藥害的藥害，沒打上的沒打上，現(xiàn)在呢，無人機打的是比較均勻，正反面都打上了，而且效果特別好，特別省藥，經(jīng)濟效益特別好，給我們的葫蘆園增收，日子越過越好，葫蘆豐收，秋天帶來好的豐收。”
 
　　近年來，呼圖壁縣積極開展農(nóng)業(yè)病蟲害專業(yè)化防治，采用植保無人機噴藥進行病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治，提高防治效率、減輕勞動強度、節(jié)省防治成本、防治效果好，推進了農(nóng)作物病蟲害防治向機械化、規(guī)?；?、集約化發(fā)展，增強了農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力，為全縣糧食安全和農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展奠定了堅實基礎。大豐鎮(zhèn)社區(qū)居民賈俊仁說：“隨著鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的提出，現(xiàn)在的農(nóng)業(yè)都偏于智慧農(nóng)業(yè)，我們打算繼續(xù)擴大規(guī)模，再多添加一臺無人機，這樣就更好的服務于農(nóng)業(yè)，還要成立植保小分隊，在我們農(nóng)村發(fā)展一批愛農(nóng)業(yè)、懂技術的一群人。”
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　在沒有出現(xiàn)植保無人機之前，農(nóng)民噴灑農(nóng)藥主要采取人工與地走式植保機械為主，但人工防治作業(yè)效率極低，高桿作物作業(yè)時難度非常大；地走式植保機械作業(yè)時則存在物理破壞率過高，山地、丘陵地帶無法作業(yè)等問題，即便使用有人飛機噴灑農(nóng)藥，從成本和地域條件來說全面實施也非常的困難。因此，相比之下，植保無人機擁有十足的優(yōu)勢地位，雖然近年來我國植保無人機市場呈爆發(fā)式發(fā)展，但據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，目前我國植保機械90%以上仍然是手動背負式噴霧器，大力推廣植保無人機仍是當務之急。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：湖南日報、河南政府網(wǎng)、中國新疆網(wǎng)，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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