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秸稈“變廢為寶”，各地踐行顯成效

2018-06-22 13:50:08 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：27688 評論

導讀：在我國，農(nóng)作物秸稈年產(chǎn)量約為7億噸左右，列世界，除去用于造紙和飼料及原料等用途外，仍有總量為3.76億噸的秸稈可作為能源加以利用。在國家政策的大力提倡和支持下，近年來秸稈綜合利用技術開始在我國大范圍推廣應用，各地相關工作取得了較大成就。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 在我國，農(nóng)作物秸稈年產(chǎn)量約為7億噸左右，列世界，除去用于造紙和飼料及原料等用途外，仍有總量為3.76億噸的秸稈可作為能源加以利用。在國家政策的大力提倡和支持下，近年來秸稈綜合利用技術開始在我國大范圍推廣應用，各地相關工作取得了較大成就。
 
　　東北地區(qū)：踐行“綠色發(fā)展”，實現(xiàn)“四個新突破”
 
　　東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動是農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部2017年提出的“農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展五大行動”之一。近年來在四省區(qū)和試點縣的共同努力下，2017年東北地區(qū)秸稈綜合利用率達到了75%，比2016年提高了7.1個百分點，成績非常顯著。目前東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動實現(xiàn)了“秸稈綜合利用新突破”、“秸稈處理利用技術新突破”、“秸稈試點示范工作新突破”、“秸稈利用扶持政策新突破”等四個突破。
 
　　據(jù)了解，下一步東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動要堅持政府引導、市場運作、多元利用、整體推進的思路，完善扶持政策，拓寬利用渠道，不斷提高秸稈收儲運專業(yè)化水平、秸稈利用市場化水平，確保到2020年，東北地區(qū)秸稈綜合利用率總體達到80%以上，各樣板縣達到90%以上，農(nóng)村環(huán)境得到有效改善。
 
　　陜西?。毫幗斩捑C合利用率達到55%
 
　　陜西省早在今年6月3日就召開了全省農(nóng)作物秸稈機械化綜合利用現(xiàn)場會，吹響了綠色“三夏”保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)的沖鋒號。今年，陜西將在西安、咸陽、西寶、西潼、機場、繞城高速等大中城市周邊地區(qū)和重點禁燒區(qū)，著重推廣秸稈撿拾打捆、秸稈還田、帶狀旋耕播種、硬茬播種和小麥聯(lián)合收獲機加掛秸稈打捆裝置等機械及技術；在重點禁燒區(qū)建立37個秸稈機械化綜合利用萬畝示范田和15個千畝示范田，組建52個秸稈機械化利用專業(yè)合作社，扶持15個萬噸級小麥、玉米秸稈商品飼草加工、秸稈收貯利用和秸稈深加工合作社，編制秸稈機械化利用相關技術規(guī)范。力爭實現(xiàn)秸稈利用重點區(qū)和禁燒區(qū)機械化綜合利用率達到92%，全省秸稈機械化綜合利用2100萬畝，農(nóng)作物秸稈機械化綜合利用率達到55%的目標，努力做到秸稈田間利用、飼草加工和秸稈收貯機械化綜合利用技術規(guī)范化。
 
　　江蘇海門市：讓秸稈變廢為寶
 
　　近年來，海門各地“田頭冒煙”“地里黑斑”等現(xiàn)象漸漸少了，這不僅反映了海門市秸稈禁燒工作抓得嚴、抓得實，也是持之以恒推動秸稈綜合利用工作的結果。海門市走出一條秸稈飼料化、肥料化、燃料化等多途徑利用的道路，讓面廣量大難處理的秸稈“變廢為寶”。
 
　　秸稈富含纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素，是草食性家畜良好的飼料來源。在海門市，山羊的年飼養(yǎng)規(guī)模超過了100萬頭。按每頭山羊日平均食用0.4斤草粉算，一年就能消耗油菜秸稈達4萬噸，每斤飼料成本可節(jié)省0.4元，秸稈飼料化利用潛力巨大。
 
　　從2016年開始，海門市就聯(lián)合省農(nóng)科院試點油菜秸稈氨化技術，推廣飼料化利用技術，在每個區(qū)鎮(zhèn)建設飼料化利用示范點2個以上，培育出一批油菜秸稈飼料化利用企業(yè)。經(jīng)過兩年的發(fā)展，海門市秸稈飼料化利用量超過200噸的企業(yè)已經(jīng)有20多家。
 
　　除了飼料化利用外，秸稈的肥料化利用也是新出現(xiàn)的一種較好方式。目前，海門市通過應用油菜秸稈及蔬菜廢棄物肥料化利用技術，建立了秸稈與畜禽排泄物混合制作商品有機肥利用模式。據(jù)了解，這種以油菜秸稈制作出來的炭基肥能夠改善土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境，抑制土傳病蟲害，提升土壤有機質(zhì)含量，增產(chǎn)效果十分顯著。該公司今年目標計劃生產(chǎn)1.5萬噸有機肥，目標產(chǎn)值4000萬元，有豐厚的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。
 
　　河北行唐縣：秸稈綜合利用成農(nóng)民增收新渠道
 
　　為讓秸稈變廢為寶，著眼打造清潔能源全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，河北行唐縣引進了生物質(zhì)發(fā)電項目，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟效益和生態(tài)效益雙贏。“下一步，我們將進一步加大對農(nóng)民秸稈綜合利用的補貼力度，推廣現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機械，提高秸稈綜合利用率，讓小秸稈實現(xiàn)大作為。通過秸稈燃料發(fā)電，在全縣建立起收集、加工、運輸秸稈供應全新產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，帶動全縣1000人就業(yè)，可為全縣農(nóng)民直接增收900多萬元。”行唐縣農(nóng)林局有關負責人說。
 
　　結語
 
　　農(nóng)作物秸稈是一種天然資源，富含氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂等營養(yǎng)元素和有機質(zhì)，是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不可或缺的有機資源，也是現(xiàn)代社會科學發(fā)展的生態(tài)資源，金山銀山就是綠水青山。推進秸稈綜合利用不僅是踐行新發(fā)展理念、大力推進農(nóng)業(yè)供給側結構性改革的迫切需要，同時對農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設也具有重要的意義。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：河北省人民政府網(wǎng)、農(nóng)機化導報、中國農(nóng)業(yè)新聞網(wǎng)、海門日報，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
 

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