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提升糧食產(chǎn)能，輪作休耕邁開重要的一步

2018-06-11 13:30:00 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：37503 評論

導讀：據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息：近些年，通過推進種植結構調整，開展耕地輪作休耕制度試點等，我國在構建綠色種植制度上取得積極進展。2018年中央財政支持輪作試點面積達到2500萬畝，試點區(qū)域按照每畝150元的標準安排補助資金；休耕試點面積達到400萬畝，試點區(qū)域按照不同休耕模式每畝補助500—800元。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策導讀】據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息：近些年，通過推進種植結構調整，開展耕地輪作休耕制度試點等，我國在構建綠色種植制度上取得積極進展。2018年中央財政支持輪作試點面積達到2500萬畝，試點區(qū)域按照每畝150元的標準安排補助資金；休耕試點面積達到400萬畝，試點區(qū)域按照不同休耕模式每畝補助500—800元。
 
　　什么是輪作休耕？
 
　　輪作是指在同一田地上不同年度間有順序地輪換種植不同作物或者以復種方式進行的不同作物的種植方式，稱為單種輪作和復種輪作，實行合理的輪作、建立合理的輪作制度，具有顯著的經(jīng)濟效益、生態(tài)效益和社會效益；休耕是指耕地在可種作物的季節(jié)只耕不種或不耕不種的方式。在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上，耕地進行休耕，其目的主要是使耕地得到休養(yǎng)生息，以減少水分、養(yǎng)分的消耗，并積蓄雨水，消滅雜草，促進土壤潛在養(yǎng)分轉化，為以后作物生長創(chuàng)造良好的土壤環(huán)境和條件。
 
　　實施輪作休耕制度是在新常態(tài)下順應我國種植業(yè)結構調整方向，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)領域的供給側改革戰(zhàn)略的有效途徑之一。自今年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部署以來，各地輪作休耕已取得一定進展。
 
　　黑龍江：今年輪作休耕總面積達1290萬畝
 
　　東北四省區(qū)作為全國重要是糧食產(chǎn)區(qū)，一直是輪作休耕的“主戰(zhàn)場”。日前，黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)委員會印發(fā)《全省2018年耕地輪作休耕試點實施方案》。根據(jù)方案：2018年，該省實施耕地輪作休耕制度試點面積達1290萬畝，其中耕地輪作試點1150萬畝，水稻休耕試點140萬畝。同時，2018年新落實的輪作試點地塊推廣“一主多輔”種植模式，以玉米與大豆輪作為主，與雜糧雜豆、蔬菜、薯類、飼草、油料作物、漢麻等輪作為輔；稻田休耕期間要加強地力保護和管理，鼓勵深耕深松、種植苜?；蛴筒说确侍镳B(yǎng)地作物(非糧食作物)，提升耕地質量。
 
　　“開展耕地輪作休耕試點，是提高農(nóng)業(yè)供給體系質量的重要途徑，根本目的是實現(xiàn)耕地資源永續(xù)和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。”黑龍江省農(nóng)委相關負責人表示。
 
　　貴州：繼續(xù)休耕20萬畝耕地
 
　　依托財政支持，貴州將繼續(xù)在13個縣休耕20萬畝耕地，今年貴州將通過直接休耕、種植綠肥、種植綠肥+豆科植物、休耕+油菜(牧草、花卉)等方式，在石漠化重點治理區(qū)、25度以下相對集中連片坡耕地和重點水源保護區(qū)等區(qū)域實施耕地休耕。
 
　　2017年，貴州獲得中央耕地休耕試點補助資金1億元，按照休耕地每年每畝500元的補貼標準，對13個縣的20萬畝耕地實施休耕，一輪休耕期為3年。今年貴州將繼續(xù)休耕20萬畝耕地。貴州省農(nóng)委有關負責人表示，耕地休耕在降解土壤污染、增加土壤肥力、減少水土流失等方面起到了積極作用。
 
　　河北滄州：休耕試點面積增至40.37萬畝
 
　　今年，河北滄州市繼續(xù)在地下水超采區(qū)開展季節(jié)性休耕試點，試點面積將達40.37萬畝，涉及河間市、獻縣等10個縣(市、區(qū))，試點實施主體每畝補助500元。
 
　　去年，滄州市實施耕地季節(jié)性休耕面積為37.74萬畝。實施季節(jié)性休耕，改一年兩熟為一年一熟，將主要依靠抽取地下水灌溉的冬小麥種植面積適當壓減，只種植雨熱同季的玉米、油料作物和耐旱耐瘠薄的雜糧雜豆等，減少地下水用量。季節(jié)性休耕期間支持農(nóng)民種植油菜等綠肥作物，不澆水，不收獲，下茬作物種植前直接翻耕入田，減少地表裸露，培肥地力。實施季節(jié)性休耕后，不僅降低了農(nóng)民的農(nóng)資投入，而且實現(xiàn)了地下水、化肥、農(nóng)藥零使用，生態(tài)環(huán)保。國家給予補貼，農(nóng)民不用再進行小麥生產(chǎn)季的田間勞作，可以打零工，增加收益。耕地得以休養(yǎng)生息，土壤肥力提高。
 
　　結語
 
　　開展輪作休耕，不是不重視糧食生產(chǎn)，相反是要鞏固提升糧食產(chǎn)能。輪作休耕試點地區(qū)技術模式成熟適用，生態(tài)效應明顯。一方面，生產(chǎn)與生態(tài)相協(xié)調；另一方面，適區(qū)與適種相一致?？茖W輪作、合理休耕是發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)、構建綠色種植制度的重要舉措。
 
　　按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部署，在今年擴大輪作休耕試點、規(guī)模比上年翻一番的基礎上，此后每年按一定比例增加，加上地方自主開展輪作休耕，到2020年我國耕地輪作休耕面積力爭達到5000萬畝。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：人民日報、新華網(wǎng)、河北新聞網(wǎng)，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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