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暢談|2018“一號(hào)文件”與“三農(nóng)”的那些事兒

2018-01-25 09:31:58 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量:47712 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:即將出臺(tái)的2018年一號(hào)文件究竟會(huì)以哪方面作為主題?跟自己的密切程度有多深?

  【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】2018開年快滿月,距離2018高考還有130多天;距離2019國(guó)考、省考、考研還有不到一年的時(shí)間... ...整個(gè)社會(huì)又將目光聚焦在:即將出臺(tái)的2018年一號(hào)文件究竟會(huì)以哪方面作為主題?跟自己的密切程度有多深?
 
  “一號(hào)文件”與“三農(nóng)”的往事
 
  1978年,十一屆三中全會(huì)提出全黨工作的重心是從城市轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)村。1982年開始,中央連續(xù)下發(fā)5個(gè)“三農(nóng)”一號(hào)文件。由此,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不斷專業(yè)化、商品化、社會(huì)化,農(nóng)村改革取得了的成就。
 
  隨后國(guó)家發(fā)展重心從農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移到了工業(yè)和城市。1987年到2003年連續(xù)17年之間,未曾出臺(tái)有關(guān)“三農(nóng)”的一號(hào)文件,結(jié)果農(nóng)業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中所占份額逐年下降,農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)不斷加重、農(nóng)村社會(huì)矛盾急劇上升,還曾出現(xiàn)的大面積耕地拋荒,糧食減產(chǎn)等局面。
 
  直到2003年10月,十六屆三中全會(huì)將“統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展”放在“五個(gè)統(tǒng)籌”,開創(chuàng)中國(guó)特色工業(yè)化、城市化、農(nóng)業(yè)新道路。2007年,十七大報(bào)告提出要在2020年形成“城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)一體化”新格局。為確保“三農(nóng)”工作重中之重的戰(zhàn)略地位,中央連續(xù)三年下發(fā)“三農(nóng)”一號(hào)文件,突出以農(nóng)村繁榮、農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)業(yè)增效為主線,以縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距為重點(diǎn)。
 
  2013年十八屆三中全會(huì)的召開,“新型工農(nóng)城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系”的提出可以說是“三農(nóng)”問題迎來新希望的佳契機(jī)。2017年十九大提出“實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略”,依然是將“三農(nóng)”問題放在重中之重的位置。那么,即將出臺(tái)的2018一號(hào)文件,會(huì)將“鄉(xiāng)村振興”作為聚焦重點(diǎn)嗎?
 
  2018“一號(hào)文件”還會(huì)聚焦“三農(nóng)”嗎?
 
  “三農(nóng)”問題就像是被親媽拋棄又找回來的心肝寶貝,在經(jīng)歷了種種矛盾問題之后,又重新被安放在重中之重的位置,并且更加具有中國(guó)特色。
 
  回首十九大,明確提出:到2020年,鄉(xiāng)村振興取得重要進(jìn)展,制度框架和政策體系基本形成;到2035年,鄉(xiāng)村振興取得決定性進(jìn)展,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化基本實(shí)現(xiàn);到2050年,鄉(xiāng)村全面振興,農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)、農(nóng)村美、農(nóng)民富全面實(shí)現(xiàn)。
 
  重要的是,十九大也沒有因?yàn)槲覈?guó)城鎮(zhèn)化已經(jīng)達(dá)到57.35%而對(duì)“三農(nóng)”問題有絲毫松懈。距離目標(biāo)年限越來越近,“三農(nóng)”工作更應(yīng)該持續(xù)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),因此,2018“一號(hào)文件”以“三農(nóng)”為主題完全有必要。
 
  再看2017年12月28日-29日,中央農(nóng)村工作會(huì)議在北京舉行,全面分析了我國(guó)“三農(nóng)”工作面臨的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)。未來3年,要實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo),“三農(nóng)”是短板;未來18年,要實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化目標(biāo),“三農(nóng)”也是短板。
 
  如何“破除一切束縛農(nóng)民手腳的不合理限制和歧視”大力發(fā)揮農(nóng)民主觀能動(dòng)力?如何“開拓融資渠道”、“破除城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙”提高公共服務(wù)效能,減少農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展中的壁壘和束縛,撬動(dòng)更多社會(huì)資本參與鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略?這一系列破解“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展瓶頸的緊急問題的解決措施或指導(dǎo)意見,由國(guó)家一號(hào)文件加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)、鞏固地位也很重要。
 
  如果是,哪些領(lǐng)域受益
 
  隨著2018年土地確權(quán)、農(nóng)村土地三項(xiàng)改革試點(diǎn)和土地管理法修訂的完成,尤其是土地延包三十年,不僅有利于農(nóng)村穩(wěn)定,更有利于引進(jìn)業(yè)主,發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)。土地流轉(zhuǎn)加速將開啟種植規(guī)?;狞S金時(shí)代。
 
  實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,必須以綠色發(fā)展為引。綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給,從種植到加工這一系列領(lǐng)域都將受到重視;綠色農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、集約的綠色農(nóng)機(jī)具的研發(fā)制造也必將受到國(guó)家的鼓勵(lì)和支持。
 
  加快城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展,新型城鄉(xiāng)工農(nóng)融合,必須要找回流失到城市中的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力等資源要素。在國(guó)家大力支持“雙創(chuàng)”、“培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民”等方面,對(duì)于這類有想法、有能力等的返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)者或者農(nóng)民,必定會(huì)得到國(guó)家和政府在人力、財(cái)力等多方面的支持和鼓勵(lì)。
 
  加快農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合,促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收是又一核心任務(wù)。因此對(duì)于能夠增加農(nóng)民創(chuàng)業(yè)、就業(yè)渠道的農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)型企業(yè)或組織,不論是傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)或是“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”等電商型企業(yè)在促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收的大路上,都必將得到支持。
 
  小結(jié)
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)不強(qiáng)、農(nóng)村美不美、農(nóng)民富不富,關(guān)系我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量的成色與全面建成小康社會(huì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的成敗。因此,不管2018一號(hào)文件的主題是不是“三農(nóng)”,破解“三農(nóng)”的短板問題必將會(huì)是國(guó)家工作關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。
 
  資料來源:華夏時(shí)報(bào)、央視網(wǎng)
 
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