今日要聞

眾說紛紜：電力驅(qū)動是“主流” 但仍需巨頭“帶節(jié)奏”

2018-01-11 14:35:38 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：48875 評論

導(dǎo)讀：相對于柴油動力，電力能源成本較為便宜，并且是可再生的綠色環(huán)保能源動力，因此，在國家大力推動農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的政策導(dǎo)向下，電動農(nóng)機(jī)會成為大型農(nóng)機(jī)的主流方向嗎？

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】相對于柴油動力，電力能源成本較為便宜，并且是可再生的綠色環(huán)保能源動力，因此，在國家大力推動農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的政策導(dǎo)向下，電動農(nóng)機(jī)會成為大型農(nóng)機(jī)的主流方向嗎？
 

　　國外發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀
 
　　據(jù)《ScientificAmerican》雜志報道，19 世紀(jì)末，美國南部農(nóng)場出現(xiàn)了一種車頭上有兩根電線連接到電網(wǎng)上的拖拉機(jī)。1912 年德國的 Siemens 公司推出了功率為 36.8kW、由電網(wǎng)供電的電動拖拉機(jī)，主要用于驅(qū)動旋耕機(jī)。1941 年，瑞士的 Grunder研制的電動耕地拖拉機(jī)具備隨時更換農(nóng)機(jī)具的功能，可以進(jìn)行多種作業(yè)。這個時期的電動拖拉機(jī)有個共同的特點，即都由電網(wǎng)通過長導(dǎo)線提供電源，限制了其作業(yè)范圍，而且導(dǎo)線過長增加了電力在傳輸過程中的損耗。
 
　　關(guān)于電動拖拉機(jī)的研究嘗試并未停止。在2017年法國SIMA展上，約翰迪爾正式發(fā)布了其研發(fā)多年的純電動拖拉機(jī)SESAM，這個名為SESAM(農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)能源供應(yīng))的概念是個完全由電池組供電的概念。
 
　　據(jù)悉，SESAM拖拉機(jī)比Tesla的高容量電池組(100 kWh)動力更大。該拖拉機(jī)是以曼海姆制造的約翰迪爾6R系列為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計的，可持續(xù)4個小時的工作時間或者55km的運(yùn)輸時間。并且由于是電力驅(qū)動，SESAM低速扭矩特別大，同時在無極變速的配合使用下，峰值功率可達(dá)到400馬力，目前可配套使用噴霧器，中耕機(jī)，泥漿罐車和青貯拖車等。
 
　　國內(nèi)發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀
 
　　我國的電動農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械整體起步較晚，但經(jīng)過近幾年的發(fā)展還是收獲了不少研究成果。1972 年，我國引進(jìn)英國技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的手持式電動噴霧機(jī)械，采用干電池或蓄電池作為動力源，整機(jī)質(zhì)量為 2-4kg，生產(chǎn)效率在4-6.67hm2/d。
 
　　針對采茶作業(yè)，安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)設(shè)計了一款微型電機(jī)驅(qū)動采茶機(jī)；針對棚室作業(yè)，中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)設(shè)計了針對溫室大棚用的電動自走式撒肥機(jī)；為解決傳統(tǒng)播種機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)半徑大以及碳煙排放污染等問題，河北建筑工程學(xué)院研制成功了一款小型的電動播種機(jī)； 2008 年新疆農(nóng)機(jī)部門研制成功了 2BDP-2 型電動玉米精量播種機(jī)； 2009 年甘肅畜牧工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院研制成功了DYP-235 型電動圓形噴灌機(jī)，隨后，電動水稻插秧機(jī)、輪式電動油菜割曬機(jī)、微型電動施肥機(jī)、小型電動播種機(jī)等逐漸進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)使用，*。
 
　　縱觀我國電動農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展，小型電動農(nóng)機(jī)的研發(fā)已非常普遍，但主流農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)的電力傳輸看起來還有一段路要走。
 
　　大型農(nóng)機(jī)電動化方向“眾說紛紜”
 
　　拖拉機(jī)作為農(nóng)機(jī)的動力源，需求量大，技術(shù)也為成熟，想嘗試做電動農(nóng)機(jī)的企業(yè)大多也是從電動拖拉機(jī)入手，但其缺點也很明顯，例如續(xù)航短的問題。然而，針對方向問題，有人認(rèn)為既然前景光明就應(yīng)該努力克服，也有人認(rèn)為要“有所為，有所不為”。
 
　　拖拉機(jī)技術(shù)為成熟，而電動拖拉機(jī)的續(xù)航問題一直是發(fā)展痛點，也是難點。針對此痛點，國外農(nóng)機(jī)如特斯拉、約翰迪爾等都在努力研發(fā)解決其續(xù)航問題，以及動力和扭矩小等問題。而我國電動大馬力農(nóng)機(jī)的研制仍處于起步階段。
 
　　有人認(rèn)為，發(fā)展電動農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械要根據(jù)其優(yōu)劣來定。像農(nóng)田用拖拉機(jī)、聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)等這些長時間、長距離作業(yè)的農(nóng)機(jī)不適合電動化，不但成本高、續(xù)航能力差，而且自重大、對土壤壓實大，劣勢明顯大于優(yōu)勢。反而像大棚農(nóng)機(jī)、田園農(nóng)機(jī)等小型農(nóng)機(jī)適合電動化。或許這也是為何我國的小型電動農(nóng)機(jī)比大型電動農(nóng)機(jī)使用普遍的主要原因之一。
 
　　也有人認(rèn)為，不管是“大型農(nóng)機(jī)”還是“小型農(nóng)機(jī)”其市場前景都很廣闊，但價格依然是農(nóng)民對于電動農(nóng)機(jī)的痛點。雖然電動農(nóng)機(jī)具的價格是否能降下來，還有待推敲，但是電動農(nóng)機(jī)的補(bǔ)貼方向已經(jīng)展露雛形。2016年6月，山西省政府出臺《關(guān)于推進(jìn)電動農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展的實施意見》，并安排5000萬元專項獎補(bǔ)資金，掀起綠色農(nóng)機(jī)風(fēng)暴。截至2017年底，山西已累計獎補(bǔ)1.2萬戶農(nóng)民購買1.4萬臺件電動農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品，推動了農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)業(yè)增效，必將會引起其他各地區(qū)對電力農(nóng)機(jī)的重視。
 
　　每當(dāng)新的事物、新的想法開始出現(xiàn)的時候，人們的態(tài)度往往會眾說不一。筆者認(rèn)為，在綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的大環(huán)境中，電動農(nóng)機(jī)必將會是主流方向，但是關(guān)于電動拖拉機(jī)等大型電動農(nóng)機(jī)的發(fā)展方向，國內(nèi)仍需要政策“石錘”或是行業(yè)巨頭的“*”。
 
　　中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(qktnz.cn)原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。
 
　　資料來源：機(jī)械設(shè)備研究

上一篇： 有玉米收獲的地方 就有玉米機(jī)的市場

下一篇：被霧霾威脅的我們 或?qū)⒈粓@林機(jī)械拯救

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關(guān)。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3183572","Picture":"mt0001/716cbbfcbc1fd293d3d4da559297df56ecc756969ac62d2751bfa4efbe1c076e32a3e4b084c7019c.jpg","PictureDomain":"img53","Name":"多功能復(fù)合鹽霧試驗箱哪家好","Type":"","Descrip":"復(fù)合鹽霧試驗箱通過考核對材料及其防護(hù)層的鹽霧腐蝕的能力，以及相似防護(hù)層的工藝質(zhì)量比較，同時可考核某些產(chǎn)品抗鹽霧腐蝕的能力；該產(chǎn)品用于零部件、電子元件、金屬材料的防護(hù)層以及工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的鹽霧腐蝕試驗。","CompanyName":"上海上試時代試驗設(shè)備有限公司","CompanyID":"141147","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"42","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558900","StandUrl":"/st141147","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 0:20:16","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103183572","UserID":"154137","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1965654","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"毛工","TelPhone":"13761584183","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"高低溫試驗箱，恒溫恒濕試驗箱，鹽霧試驗箱，老化試驗箱，淋雨試驗箱，拉力試驗機(jī)，振動試驗臺，跌落試驗機(jī)，沖擊試驗機(jī)，漏電起痕試驗儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"2877","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/11 3:21:53","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13917524241"},{"ID":"3184934","Picture":"mt0003/e6f2b0f98c8fa8629b75dfb2a5cfb5e4261e761f0e380ddc70fb8283fd6c4fd0bb852219b7a930a6.jpg","PictureDomain":"img47","Name":"智能型壓力開關(guān)免維護(hù)","Type":"WRQ36","Descrip":"智能型壓力開關(guān)已廣泛用于石油、化工、冶金、電站、輕工等部門。溫度變送器分為普通型、隔爆型和數(shù)顯一體化三類。其中，普通型與隔爆型可以選擇不同的內(nèi)置溫度變送器模塊，以滿足用戶不同的應(yīng)用要求。溫度變送器按溫度傳感器不同，又分為熱電偶和熱電阻兩種系列。","CompanyName":"上海武銳自動化設(shè)備有限公司","CompanyID":"141038","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"51","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558900","StandUrl":"/st141038","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 0:20:43","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103184934","UserID":"154028","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1961662","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"馬經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"021-54153156","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"壓力/差壓變送器，壓力控制器，電磁/渦街/渦輪流量計，流量開關(guān)，物(液)位計，溫度變送器等。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"3414","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/12 2:35:54","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15800608246"},{"ID":"3191912","Picture":"mt0001/a0e727e8d93ff73707b56a9b654fff397993a9d24070567cdbd72696fffaa0fb54e61427bae110ed.jpg","PictureDomain":"img77","Name":"國產(chǎn)氙燈老化試驗箱報價","Type":"SN--500","Descrip":"適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 智能型風(fēng)冷氙燈老化試驗箱本產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)格按GB/T16422.2-99的技術(shù)參數(shù)設(shè)計制造。同時符合GB/T 2423.24-1995、ASTMG155、ISO10SB02/B04、SAEJ2527、SAEJ2421等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)","CompanyName":"南京五和試驗設(shè)備有限公司","CompanyID":"140317","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"86","City":"南京市","Address":"南京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"77","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558900","StandUrl":"/st140317","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 0:20:16","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103191912","UserID":"153307","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1965607","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"俞經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"86-025-84950070/84950045","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"鹽霧試驗箱/交變鹽霧腐蝕試驗箱/高低溫試驗箱/高低溫交變濕熱試驗箱/紫外光老化試驗箱/恒溫恒濕試驗箱/低溫恒溫試驗箱/氙燈老化試驗箱/臭氧老化試驗箱/二氧化硫氣體腐蝕試驗箱/混合氣體腐蝕試驗箱/換氣老化試驗箱/防銹油脂試驗箱/交變霉菌試驗箱","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"6643","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/20 14:46:41","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13601435131"},{"ID":"2817183","Picture":"15503715273aa74db7c8ba4f0450eabfd9458bc1aa673c4c441ca9c8e79db69b55dab6073d026835.jpg","PictureDomain":"img64","Name":"半自動小型氣象站廠家","Type":"BK-QC5","Descrip":"小型氣象站：目前短期的天氣預(yù)報準(zhǔn)確率逐步改善和提高，而中期的天氣預(yù)報技術(shù)與之比起來遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足，目前的天氣預(yù)報對于十日以上的預(yù)報沒有時效性，這樣不利于提前防御低溫凍害和干旱這方面的災(zāi)害，對于災(zāi)害帶來的損失不能減輕。","CompanyName":"山東博科儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"130421","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"153","City":"濰坊市","Address":"濰坊市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"84","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558900","StandUrl":"/st130421","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 0:20:43","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102817183","UserID":"143410","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1744226","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"郝經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣象站 防爆氣象站 防爆風(fēng)速風(fēng)向儀 防爆風(fēng)速儀 負(fù)氧離子監(jiān)測站 微氣象傳感器 超聲波風(fēng)速風(fēng)向儀 超聲波氣象站","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"12563","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2023/9/7 10:27:37","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15666889209"},{"ID":"2934529","Picture":"dabac5fac07fb39ab65718a8e63f96e5d2ef79b83bd6052b04ed213a799402e5e533ee7cd4ad91ae.png","PictureDomain":"img66","Name":"銷售計量裝置綜合測試系統(tǒng)哪家好","Type":"","Descrip":"計量裝置綜合測試系統(tǒng)為現(xiàn)場診斷10KV及以下配電系統(tǒng)用戶電能計量準(zhǔn)確性，杜絕電量非法流失，提供了多功能測試手段參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：JJG440-2008配備計算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)通訊管理軟件同時測量低壓計量裝置的三相CT變比、極性、變比誤差和角差電壓測量范圍:0~450V","CompanyName":"上海端懿電氣科技有限公司","CompanyID":"129235","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"394","City":"上海","Address":"上海","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"58","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558900","StandUrl":"/st129235","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 0:20:16","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102934529","UserID":"142224","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1681456","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張先生","TelPhone":"86-021-69973262","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"高壓測試裝置，變壓器試驗設(shè)備，絕緣材料，電力計量儀器儀表","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28197","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/21 5:54:26","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18049958167"},{"ID":"3033857","Picture":"00450ea57bc9bc7d40f82831000d70bc70e4836b51fc3b2480e34f58fbfd6b5b0dbc0e3516372ba0.png","PictureDomain":"img77","Name":"國產(chǎn)小流量氣體流量計哪家好","Type":"","Descrip":"小流量氣體流量計（Mass Flow Controller）是基于業(yè)內(nèi)優(yōu)良的微機(jī)電（MEMS）流量傳感器芯片技術(shù)，結(jié)合高速采樣處理技術(shù)和數(shù)字補(bǔ)償算法，所開發(fā)的一款智能化、高精度可進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的質(zhì)量流量控制的氣體質(zhì)量流量控制器產(chǎn)品。","CompanyName":"青島芯笙微納電子科技有限公司","CompanyID":"129194","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"148","City":"青島市","Address":"青島市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"608","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558900","StandUrl":"/st129194","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 0:20:16","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103033857","UserID":"142183","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1709596","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"芯笙微納","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"質(zhì)量流量控制器，質(zhì)量流量計","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28688","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/18 18:10:26","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"4000066550"}]