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灌溉機械企業(yè)如何適應(yīng)“節(jié)源”時代？

2017-03-27 13:23:03 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：29316 評論

導(dǎo)讀：“十三五”時期是全面建成小康社會的決勝階段，要實現(xiàn)“十三五”時期的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展目標(biāo)，必須牢固樹立并全面貫徹“創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享”的發(fā)展理念。新的歷史階段，中共中央明確提出了建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會，就是要在社會生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)、流通、消費的各個領(lǐng)域，切實保護和合理利用各種資源，提高資源利用效率。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】“十三五”時期是全面建成小康社會的決勝階段，要實現(xiàn)“十三五”時期的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展目標(biāo)，必須牢固樹立并全面貫徹“創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享”的發(fā)展理念。新的歷史階段，中共中央明確提出了建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會，就是要在社會生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)、流通、消費的各個領(lǐng)域，切實保護和合理利用各種資源，提高資源利用效率。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，資源節(jié)約型、生態(tài)友好型農(nóng)業(yè)是破解資源環(huán)境約束、轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切要求，而節(jié)約農(nóng)業(yè)用水就是其中重要的一環(huán)。
 
　　形勢嚴(yán)峻：我國有10.73億畝“望天田”
 
　　我國的淡水資源總量占水資源的6%，人均淡水資源量僅為世界人均水資源量的1/4，而且地區(qū)分布很不平衡。據(jù)了解，目前，在水資源短缺的剛性制約下，每年農(nóng)業(yè)需灌溉用水約3600億方，而在我國現(xiàn)有的20.25億畝耕地中，灌溉水利用率只有52%，還有10.73億畝是沒有灌溉條件的“望天田”。
 
　　由此可見，為了應(yīng)對日趨嚴(yán)重的缺水形勢，建立節(jié)水型社會，發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)是一種必然選擇。水土資源的利用，經(jīng)濟、生態(tài)、社會效益的緊密結(jié)合是可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)所追求的一個目標(biāo)，而根據(jù)水資源狀況和農(nóng)業(yè)需水規(guī)律所實施的節(jié)水灌溉便是達到這一目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵。目前，我國多地區(qū)都在推行農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉。
 
　　聯(lián)合行動：節(jié)水灌溉是項大工程
 
　　節(jié)水灌溉是一個大工程，再加上我國復(fù)雜的地形氣候，不同地區(qū)的節(jié)水灌溉建設(shè)也各不相同。
 
　　樂山市：水肥一體化省力又節(jié)水
 
　　一個人不到一天時間灌溉1000畝土地，并且可以實現(xiàn)“水、肥、藥”一體化，既節(jié)省勞力又節(jié)約用水——這樣的灌溉新技術(shù)，在樂山市福強現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)果蔬專業(yè)合作社內(nèi)已經(jīng)得到大面積應(yīng)用?；食睾统恋沓卦诓煌乃诳刂葡?，可以按照一定的比例進行混合，再通過機房的泵站從主管網(wǎng)輸送到種植園區(qū)各地，進行水肥一體化灌溉。
 
　　鄂爾多斯：建設(shè)節(jié)水配套工程
 
　　杭錦旗沿黃灌區(qū)是國家大型灌區(qū)之一，西起三盛公樞紐上游2.7公里，東至黃河支流毛不拉孔兌，東西長約242公里，南北寬5—10公里，設(shè)計灌溉面積56.29萬畝。近年來，通過實施一、二期水權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)換項目，已有企業(yè)投入13億元對灌區(qū)進行了節(jié)水配套，灌排工程配套率達80%。2014年，杭錦旗被列為全國首批80個國家農(nóng)業(yè)水價綜合改革試點旗縣之一，鄂爾多斯吉日嘎朗圖鎮(zhèn)乃瑪岱村為試點項目區(qū)。
 
　　齊河縣：建成農(nóng)田水利項目
 
　　農(nóng)田水利項目縣工程是助推農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的有效途徑。今年是齊河縣連續(xù)實施小農(nóng)水工程的第八年，八年間，共建成節(jié)水面積近25萬畝，成為提高糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力的有力支撐。
 
　　在我國不同地區(qū)不同形式的節(jié)水灌溉工程中，所用設(shè)備存在一定的共性。節(jié)水灌溉是現(xiàn)代化的工程式技術(shù)，必須建立在節(jié)水灌溉設(shè)備產(chǎn)業(yè)化的基礎(chǔ)上，可以說，這是大規(guī)模節(jié)水灌溉必須解決的前提條件之一。
 
　　重點：在發(fā)展灌溉裝備上下功夫
 
　　節(jié)水灌溉設(shè)備來源于生產(chǎn)它們的企業(yè)，而目前在我國，節(jié)水灌溉設(shè)備企業(yè)發(fā)展卻面臨著三大難題。，生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，不少企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品中節(jié)水灌溉專用材料設(shè)備僅占一部分或少部分，制約企業(yè)發(fā)展的同時也影響了節(jié)水灌溉材料設(shè)備產(chǎn)品的更新；第二，專業(yè)化程度低，節(jié)水灌溉專用材料設(shè)備生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不少是在原有生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)上，部分轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)節(jié)水灌溉材料設(shè)備的，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，關(guān)聯(lián)性不強；第三，生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備落后，生產(chǎn)工藝落后。
 
　　因此，未來要緩解水資源供需矛盾，建設(shè)節(jié)水灌溉工程，還需在大力發(fā)展灌溉裝備和提高水資源利用效率上下功夫。作為節(jié)水灌溉設(shè)備生產(chǎn)企業(yè)更加需要不斷加大科技投入，提高制造水平，生產(chǎn)更加的灌溉設(shè)備，以嶄新的姿態(tài)迎接新一波機遇的來臨。
 
　　結(jié)語：水是人類賴以生存的寶貴資源，也是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的命脈。近年來，我國節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，在節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)研究和工程式實踐上已具備一定的基礎(chǔ)，支撐產(chǎn)業(yè)和相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展以適應(yīng)大規(guī)模普及節(jié)水灌溉是基本目標(biāo)。

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