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烘干機(jī)企業(yè)看點(diǎn):如何疏通糧食安全后一公里

2017-02-23 13:31:28 來源:中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量:45350 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,保障“糧食安全”是國家“三農(nóng)”工作的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)之一。近期發(fā)布的2017年中央一號文件更是反復(fù)提到了糧食安全問題。的確,在耕地僅占世界10%的中國,人口卻占了世界的22%,十幾億人的糧食問題始終是頭等大事。完善糧食應(yīng)急儲備體系,確保糧食市場供應(yīng),大限度地減少緊急狀態(tài)時期的糧食安全風(fēng)險至關(guān)重要。

  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】近年來,保障“糧食安全”是國家“三農(nóng)”工作的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)之一。近期發(fā)布的2017年中央一號文件更是反復(fù)提到了糧食安全問題。的確,在耕地僅占世界10%的中國,人口卻占了世界的22%,十幾億人的糧食問題始終是頭等大事。完善糧食應(yīng)急儲備體系,確保糧食市場供應(yīng),大限度地減少緊急狀態(tài)時期的糧食安全風(fēng)險至關(guān)重要。
 
  據(jù)了解,在我國每年因不能及時干燥造成糧食霉變、發(fā)芽等數(shù)量損失在5%以上,由于傳統(tǒng)糧食烘干方式過于依賴天氣,也讓“機(jī)械烘干”成為了糧食產(chǎn)銷過程中亟待疏通的“后一公里”。
 
  趨勢:糧食烘干機(jī)械必然替代自然晾曬
 
  “莊戶人種地,種在人收在天”,糧食生產(chǎn)與氣候生態(tài)有著密不可分的關(guān)系。日益嚴(yán)峻的氣候危機(jī),正是糧食安全所面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。溫度上升帶來的糧食減產(chǎn)、干旱洪澇等氣候、及病蟲害加劇等問題,影響著農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。2016年,長時間暴雨、多次席卷而來的臺風(fēng)都給農(nóng)業(yè)帶來不可磨滅的損失,擺脫這種“靠天吃飯”的現(xiàn)狀迫在眉睫。
 
  在農(nóng)村,我們經(jīng)??梢钥吹睫r(nóng)民占道曬谷的現(xiàn)象,不僅危害了交通安全,同時這種傳統(tǒng)的晾曬方式增加了糧食的雜質(zhì),降低了糧食的品質(zhì),不利于糧食的有效利用。隨著土地資源的日益緊張和“占道曬谷”的嚴(yán)查嚴(yán)辦,自然晾曬場地逐漸缺失,并不能滿足農(nóng)民規(guī)?;瘯窆鹊男枨?。因此,使用烘干機(jī)械代替自然晾曬將是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的大勢所趨。
 
  其實(shí),我國早在2004年就開始推廣糧食烘干技術(shù),到了這幾年,部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)開始使用糧食烘干機(jī)械,其市場需求正在持續(xù)升溫。再加上國家糧食部門積極開展農(nóng)村糧食烘干和普及糧食烘干機(jī)工作的各項部署,不斷鞏固和發(fā)展糧食工業(yè),糧食烘干機(jī)市場因此得以改善與加強(qiáng),但在此良好態(tài)勢的背后仍然有諸多隱憂。
 
  關(guān)于烘干機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展所存在的制約因素,筆者簡單總結(jié)了三點(diǎn)。
 
  三大制約因素
 
  成本大,推廣難。2016年農(nóng)業(yè)部進(jìn)一步加大了對使用糧食烘干機(jī)設(shè)備的用戶補(bǔ)貼。其實(shí),糧食烘干機(jī)一直在農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼目錄范圍內(nèi),但是由于使用成本過高,時期短,也就在糧食收獲的那段季節(jié)頻繁使用,對于一般農(nóng)戶來說,投入與產(chǎn)出并不對等,所以其推廣難度比較大。
 
  技術(shù)尚未成熟。我國糧食烘干機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)還處于起步階段,生產(chǎn)企業(yè)較少,產(chǎn)品技術(shù)落后,企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力差、研發(fā)能力較弱,尚未形成具有核心技術(shù)的自主品牌企業(yè)。同時,我國幅員遼闊,農(nóng)作物種類眾多,給烘干機(jī)械的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)增加了技術(shù)難度。
 
  缺乏規(guī)范化管理。從宏觀層面來說,我國對于烘干機(jī)的鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依舊不夠細(xì)化,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)機(jī)鑒定部門不能清晰鑒定產(chǎn)品,無法規(guī)范化管理,使得部分企業(yè)盲目生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)了良莠不齊的尷尬局面。
 
  那么,面對我國糧食烘干機(jī)發(fā)展的障礙,作為企業(yè)又應(yīng)該怎么做呢?
 
  良策:推行規(guī)?;?專業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式
 
  近年來,隨著農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)開始向規(guī)?;繑n,種糧大戶、家庭農(nóng)場、合作社等新型農(nóng)業(yè)組織蓬勃發(fā)展起來,糧食的單戶數(shù)量產(chǎn)生了巨大的變化。于是國家農(nóng)業(yè)部專門提出鼓勵一部分具有實(shí)力的農(nóng)機(jī)合作社流轉(zhuǎn)承包土地,開展包括糧食烘干、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工等在內(nèi)的“一條龍”農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)項目。因此,加大烘干設(shè)備規(guī)模,形成大面積烘干效果,是企業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的一大選擇。
 
  此外,烘干機(jī)企業(yè)還應(yīng)該致力于改變技術(shù)落后現(xiàn)象,增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力,研制生產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量可靠、節(jié)能環(huán)保、操作簡便、經(jīng)濟(jì)適用的通用機(jī)型,使一臺烘干機(jī)既能烘干稻谷,也能烘干玉米、大豆、油菜籽等,實(shí)現(xiàn)“一機(jī)多用”,提高烘干機(jī)的使用效率,促進(jìn)糧食烘干機(jī)走向?qū)I(yè)化。
 
  結(jié)語:糧食干燥是糧食產(chǎn)后的重要環(huán)節(jié),是糧食安全貯藏的一個極其重要的條件。發(fā)展糧食烘干產(chǎn)業(yè),加速糧食生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化,大限度地減少儲糧損失,是確保豐產(chǎn)豐收、穩(wěn)定糧食總量的重要途徑。面對當(dāng)前烘干機(jī)市場形勢,農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)需通過市場良性競爭進(jìn)入烘干設(shè)備市場,加強(qiáng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),盡早完成烘干設(shè)備產(chǎn)業(yè)升級。

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