農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營風(fēng)險誰愿擔(dān)保？涉農(nóng)貸款亟待創(chuàng)新發(fā)展

2016-07-21 08:30:49 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：sydneylulu 閱讀量：17529 評論

 　  【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)單位所需資金不斷增加，發(fā)放農(nóng)業(yè)貸款的機(jī)構(gòu)、項目、數(shù)量也顯著增加。農(nóng)業(yè)貸款作為我國銀行貸款的一個重要組成部分，對現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展也起到了舉足輕重的作用。農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展是一個系統(tǒng)性工程，亦帶有公益性質(zhì)，農(nóng)業(yè)貸款作為其中一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，離不開國家和當(dāng)?shù)卣闹笇?dǎo)和政策支持，同時各支行也應(yīng)有專業(yè)政策分析團(tuán)隊，為行業(yè)指導(dǎo)、產(chǎn)品開發(fā)、風(fēng)險控制等方面提供有力支持。
　　
　　無錫農(nóng)行為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展注入動力
　　
　　作為長三角發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的主流銀行，近年來，無錫農(nóng)行拋開傳統(tǒng)“支農(nóng)”思維，在探索中推進(jìn)“現(xiàn)代金融”與“現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)”的融合發(fā)展，累計投放近百億元貸款，*地為無錫現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展注入動力。


    嘉菱蕩生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)觀光產(chǎn)業(yè)園是無錫傾力打造的集“綠色農(nóng)業(yè) 生態(tài)旅游”為一體的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)基地，建成后可年產(chǎn)花卉171萬株、綠色果蔬3966噸。得益于與主管部門常態(tài)化的信息聯(lián)絡(luò)機(jī)制，無錫農(nóng)行時間獲悉項目建設(shè)訊息，發(fā)起與項目承貸主體的對接，并根據(jù)項目工程進(jìn)度和資金需求，量身設(shè)計8000萬元融資方案，得到了客戶的認(rèn)可，目前項目已投放5865萬元。
　　
　　農(nóng)業(yè)貸款不受商業(yè)銀行青睞 農(nóng)民只能望“錢”興嘆
　　
　　可見，農(nóng)業(yè)貸款對于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的有利影響是顯而易見的。據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，盡管農(nóng)林漁牧業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占GDP的比例接近10%，但獲得的貸款占全部金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款余額的比例不到2%。在以商業(yè)價值為主要驅(qū)動的金融領(lǐng)域，農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民對貸款的認(rèn)知性和獲得貸款的便捷性都需要進(jìn)一步提升。
　　
　　目前針對農(nóng)民主要有三個大的環(huán)節(jié)需要資金注入：土地流轉(zhuǎn)租賃，生產(chǎn)資料購買，農(nóng)機(jī)具租賃和購買。近年來，我國農(nóng)業(yè)在發(fā)展的過程中遇到了瓶頸，很多企業(yè)想擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模卻沒有資金，想去銀行貸款或因沒有抵押物、或因找不到擔(dān)保對象，導(dǎo)致后貸不到款，這種望“錢”興嘆的挫敗感，讓企業(yè)常常陷于苦苦掙扎的境地。
　　
　　盡管各地要求金融機(jī)構(gòu)加大對農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)的貸款力度，但在現(xiàn)實中，這些金融機(jī)構(gòu)出于追求利潤的商業(yè)沖動，對于農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)群體往往并不熱情。為什么?因為農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)普遍效益低、規(guī)模小、實力弱，所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報往往令銀行不屑一顧。于是，以沒有抵押物為由、變相提高貸款利率等手段，讓農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)知難而退。
　　
　　其實，每年國家農(nóng)業(yè)信貸的數(shù)額并不低，但為何許多農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營者卻貸不到款呢？據(jù)了解，許多農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體（以合作社為例）貸不到款。
　　
　　疑問：農(nóng)業(yè)貸款究竟難在哪里？
　　
　　資產(chǎn)不夠穩(wěn)定。農(nóng)民合作社的市場準(zhǔn)入條件很低，成立一個合作社只要有5個以上農(nóng)戶就可以辦理注冊。并且合作社采取成員自愿進(jìn)退社原則，農(nóng)民可拿土地、農(nóng)機(jī)具、魚塘等生產(chǎn)資料入股合作社，獲得的收益大部分實行分紅和返還，這就使合作社的資產(chǎn)運(yùn)營狀態(tài)不那么穩(wěn)定。
　　
　　財務(wù)極不規(guī)范。一些農(nóng)民合作社從事農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初級生產(chǎn)階段，只是簡單地按照市場行情去組織成員生產(chǎn)、銷售，很多合作社都沒有規(guī)范的財務(wù)報表，有的甚至財務(wù)上一片混亂。而銀行發(fā)放貸款的條件是產(chǎn)權(quán)明晰、管理規(guī)范、有較強(qiáng)的盈利能力和償還能力。許多合作社內(nèi)部管理制度特別是財務(wù)制度不健全，無法達(dá)到銀行放貸條件。
　　
　　缺少有效擔(dān)保抵押物。很多合作社無法提供有效的擔(dān)保抵押物，因而在貸款時困難重重。
　　
　　再者，由于農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營具有“雙重風(fēng)險”，既要面對市場風(fēng)險，又要面對自然風(fēng)險，導(dǎo)致涉農(nóng)金融中經(jīng)營主體承貸能力弱、信貸成本高等問題很難解決。像湖北枝江信達(dá)農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)合作社這樣，進(jìn)行糧食全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的生產(chǎn)、加工，投入的是大量現(xiàn)金，卻不受商業(yè)銀行青睞，貸款難、貸款貴的例子還比較常見。
　　
       筆者結(jié)語:
 
　　綜上所述，積極推動涉農(nóng)貸款擔(dān)保的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展勢在必行，我們需要加快速度和頻率，盡早拿出執(zhí)行方案，以滿足廣大農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)和農(nóng)民日益高漲的資金需求;但在貸款擔(dān)保路子的探索上，目前我們還沒有一套成熟、的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)辦法，各地都在因地制宜地搞研究、搞創(chuàng)新，也拿出了一些各具特色的貸款擔(dān)保模式，但還不具備適于全面推廣的條件。只有在探索中大膽創(chuàng)新，就一定能在農(nóng)業(yè)銀行貸款擔(dān)保這一老大難的問題上取得突破。(本站原創(chuàng),轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處)

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