2025年全國(guó)大豆種子包衣技術(shù)意見(jiàn)

2025-03-07 09:58:55 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：3152 評(píng)論

　　大豆種子包衣是有效應(yīng)對(duì)重迎茬的重要措施，對(duì)減輕苗期病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生、提高單產(chǎn)水平具有重要作用。根據(jù)今年大豆生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)和氣象預(yù)測(cè)情況，各地要落實(shí)精選良種、對(duì)癥選藥，干法包衣、護(hù)種促芽等措施，確保大豆種子包衣安全高效。
 
　　精選良種，對(duì)癥選藥
 
　　選擇對(duì)根腐病等病害及蟲(chóng)害抗(耐)性強(qiáng)的大豆品種，做好種子的清選、精選，確保種子潔凈健康。由鐮刀菌、絲核菌、擬莖點(diǎn)霉引起的根腐病，選擇含咯菌腈、苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯等(殺真菌)成分的種子處理劑；由疫霉菌、腐霉菌引起的根腐病，通常還伴隨真菌侵染，推薦使用含精甲霜靈·咯菌腈成分的種子處理劑。地下害蟲(chóng)、薊馬和蚜蟲(chóng)等害蟲(chóng)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，可同時(shí)添加含噻蟲(chóng)嗪等成分的種子處理劑進(jìn)行包衣。
 
　　干法包衣，護(hù)種促芽
 
　　為防止包衣過(guò)程中大豆種子吸水后種皮破裂，發(fā)芽率下降，同時(shí)確保包衣均勻，每100千克種子推薦藥液用量為400—800毫升。種衣劑原則上不加水(稀釋)，可用拌種機(jī)等設(shè)備或干凈容器(桶、袋、膜等)拌種，時(shí)間控制在1分鐘內(nèi)，避免過(guò)度攪拌而傷種。包衣種子攤開(kāi)陰干后裝入透氣的袋子，置于陰涼處備用。種子可隨包隨播，也可提前包衣，原則上可提前至半年內(nèi)包衣，避免高溫儲(chǔ)藏。
 
　　適期播種，順暢下籽
 
　　根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件、土壤墑情和品種特性，科學(xué)確定適宜播期，嚴(yán)把播種質(zhì)量關(guān)，做到用種精量、播種精細(xì)、深淺一致、下籽均勻、覆土嚴(yán)密，保證勻播密植。機(jī)播或人工播均可，機(jī)播需提前測(cè)試下種是否順暢，可酌情使用滑石粉等潤(rùn)滑材料促進(jìn)排種，謹(jǐn)慎實(shí)施二次拌種。
 
　　綜合防控，防衰增產(chǎn)
 
　　大豆生長(zhǎng)期注意及時(shí)排水防澇，并監(jiān)測(cè)病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生情況。初花期前后和結(jié)莢鼓粒期等關(guān)鍵時(shí)期可酌情噴施含唑醚·氟環(huán)唑、嘧菌酯等成分的殺菌劑和含噻蟲(chóng)·高氯氟、氯蟲(chóng)苯甲酰胺等成分的殺蟲(chóng)劑。結(jié)合“一噴多促”，預(yù)防中后期病蟲(chóng)害引起的大豆早衰等問(wèn)題。
 
　　來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大豆專家指導(dǎo)組、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心

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