昔陽(yáng)縣：積極回收廢舊地膜助力鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)振興

2024-12-30 09:42:05 來(lái)源：山西省昔陽(yáng)縣現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：14480 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 近期，山西省昔陽(yáng)縣現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中心農(nóng)技人員參加山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳在長(zhǎng)治市壺關(guān)縣舉辦2024年地膜科學(xué)使用回收技術(shù)培訓(xùn)班。培訓(xùn)班上，老師展示了陽(yáng)高縣廢舊地膜回收“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸”模式、壺關(guān)縣廢舊地膜“以舊換新”模式、河津市廢舊農(nóng)膜資源化利用模式等?？萍枷刃?，受益頗多。
 
　　“農(nóng)膜蓋一蓋，增收幾百塊”。一直以來(lái)，農(nóng)膜對(duì)于作物增產(chǎn)、增收效果顯著，但與此同時(shí)農(nóng)膜殘留造成的污染問(wèn)題也不容忽視。
 
　　廢舊地膜危害
 
　　1. 破壞土壤結(jié)構(gòu)，造成土壤板結(jié)、肥力下降。
 
　　2. 纏繞農(nóng)作物根系，影響作物的正常生長(zhǎng)，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn)。
 
　　3.家畜誤食摻雜殘膜的秸稈飼料后還可能會(huì)造成死亡。
 
　　4.殘膜纏繞農(nóng)機(jī)具或堵塞播種機(jī)，影響農(nóng)事操作和播種的質(zhì)量。
 
　　5.堆放在田間地頭，不僅會(huì)影響居住環(huán)境，被風(fēng)吹散還可能掛在樹(shù)枝、電線等處，存在安全隱患，焚燒廢舊地膜還會(huì)造成大氣污染。
 
　　回收的好處
 
　　1.改善土壤環(huán)境。
 
　　回收利用廢舊地膜，可改善耕地質(zhì)量和土壤的透氣性、透水性等，有效地熟化土壤，增強(qiáng)土壤的保水保肥能力和鹽堿緩沖能力，為作物的生長(zhǎng)制造良好的土壤條件。
 
　　2.增加產(chǎn)量。
 
　　回收廢舊地膜后，種子不會(huì)再受到殘留地膜的影響導(dǎo)致無(wú)法出苗，出苗率會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高，達(dá)到90%左右。如使用可降解地膜更利于保溫、保土熵，可進(jìn)一步提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。
 
　　3.促進(jìn)資源的循環(huán)利用。農(nóng)用塑料薄膜多為聚乙烯類(lèi)化合物，可通過(guò)回收加工成再生顆粒，用于生產(chǎn)防水防漏材料、塑料編織袋、塑料板凳等，可通過(guò)循環(huán)利用變廢為寶，化害為利。
 
　　4.改善生態(tài)環(huán)境
 
　　廢舊地膜回收利用可有效減少農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染，有利于改善農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境、推進(jìn)農(nóng)村節(jié)能減排，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 
　　通過(guò)此次培訓(xùn)，昔陽(yáng)縣農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中心農(nóng)技人員總結(jié)出地膜科學(xué)使用回收典型經(jīng)驗(yàn)與模式，研究形成昔陽(yáng)縣農(nóng)田地膜綜合治理一整套方案，并且加強(qiáng)回收廢舊農(nóng)膜的宣傳，積極引導(dǎo)廣大農(nóng)民自覺(jué)配合做好廢舊農(nóng)膜的回收工作，同時(shí)加大對(duì)違規(guī)拋棄廢舊農(nóng)膜的整治力度，提高廢舊農(nóng)膜利用，共建美麗文明鄉(xiāng)村。

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