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說說“誰來種地”的問題

2024-02-08 10:28:35 來源:總站信息處 作者:劉振營 閱讀量:18957 評論

導(dǎo)讀:2024年中央一號文件提出,聚焦解決“誰來種地”問題,以小農(nóng)戶為基礎(chǔ)、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體為重點(diǎn)、社會化服務(wù)為支撐,加快打造適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的高素質(zhì)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營隊(duì)伍。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】2024年中央一號文件提出,聚焦解決“誰來種地”問題,以小農(nóng)戶為基礎(chǔ)、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體為重點(diǎn)、社會化服務(wù)為支撐,加快打造適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的高素質(zhì)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營隊(duì)伍。意思是要解決“誰來種地”的問題,就要培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的種地隊(duì)伍,個人認(rèn)為解決種地的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備也非常關(guān)鍵。
 
  1、以前種地的是農(nóng)民
 
  中國人的祖先,大都是種地的農(nóng)民。他們長年累月面朝黃土背朝天,在土地上不停地耕耘,從播種到收獲,利用各種工具,采取各種手段和措施,讓農(nóng)作物發(fā)育生長,并最終收獲作物的果實(shí)。這一現(xiàn)象,一直持續(xù)到前些年,至今還有不少地方和部分農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),維持著這樣的生產(chǎn)方式。
 
  2、現(xiàn)在種地的不一定是農(nóng)民
 
  現(xiàn)在種地與以前不同了,甚至大不相同了。就拿北方主要農(nóng)作物小麥的種植來說,小麥播種的時(shí)候農(nóng)民在干什么?在地頭休息,看著農(nóng)機(jī)人開著拖拉機(jī)播種。收獲的時(shí)候農(nóng)民在干什么,在蔭涼里喝著茶水,看著聯(lián)合收割機(jī)收割小麥,看著收下的小麥用運(yùn)糧車給送到指定地點(diǎn)晾曬或直接入庫。玉米種植與小麥差不多,大都實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化,農(nóng)民種地變成了農(nóng)機(jī)種地。南方水稻生產(chǎn)大都實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化,插秧和收割都由農(nóng)機(jī)來完成。
 
  以上這種景象非常普遍,不是個別現(xiàn)象。個別現(xiàn)象是邊角地塊,以及個別農(nóng)活,不能使用機(jī)械的,只能由農(nóng)民沿用以前的套路,用人工或使用小型機(jī)械完成作業(yè),而且這種個別現(xiàn)象也越來越少了。
 
  鑒于此,要我說,現(xiàn)在種地的不是農(nóng)民,而是農(nóng)機(jī)!因?yàn)槟壳按蠖鄶?shù)農(nóng)活都是農(nóng)機(jī)完成的,農(nóng)民最多只做一些輔助工作。
 
  3、還有很多農(nóng)活需要農(nóng)機(jī)
 
  大面積糧食生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化,農(nóng)機(jī)取代了農(nóng)民種地。然而,還有很多種農(nóng)活機(jī)械化程度還很低,需要更多品種的農(nóng)機(jī)來替代農(nóng)民勞動。
 
  單從種植業(yè)來說,糧棉油麻果菜糖茶煙草藥花各種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品種類繁多,除糧棉油糖等少數(shù)大宗集中生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,從種到收基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化外,大多數(shù)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的機(jī)械化水平都很低,有的甚至完全采用人力勞動作業(yè)。因此,從全程全面實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化來說,農(nóng)機(jī)的任務(wù)還很艱巨,可謂任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
 
  4、“農(nóng)機(jī)種地”終究會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)
 
  每種產(chǎn)品的形態(tài)、取用的部位,以及播種和采收的方式都大不相同,因此實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化的難度比較大。但是,目前所有的產(chǎn)品技術(shù)幾乎都不是問題,只是有的成本高一些,效率低一些,經(jīng)濟(jì)性還不是很好。隨著科技的進(jìn)步,這些問題都會一一解決,也就是說,將來“農(nóng)機(jī)種地”會逐步成為現(xiàn)實(shí)!
 
  5、下一個大消費(fèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)是什么?
 
  從大消費(fèi)來講,無非是吃穿住行玩樂。個人認(rèn)為,從現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)來說,吃是指大農(nóng)業(yè),穿是指紡織業(yè),住是指住宅建筑業(yè),行是指交通運(yùn)輸業(yè),玩是指旅游業(yè),樂是指電玩文化產(chǎn)業(yè)。我國近幾十年的高速發(fā)展,得益于住和行的產(chǎn)業(yè)。住房建設(shè)和交通設(shè)施建設(shè)以及汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)最近二十多年的高速發(fā)展。
 
  目前,房子蓋得差不多了,高鐵和高速公路修建得差不多了,汽車買得也差不多了,我國往后的經(jīng)濟(jì)靠什么來帶動?
 
  個人認(rèn)為,往后我國經(jīng)濟(jì)要靠“吃”這個產(chǎn)業(yè)來帶動。按大農(nóng)業(yè)觀來說,吃得安全是非常重要的,吃得健康同樣非常重要。要想吃得安全,夠吃、吃得好且吃得健康,就要實(shí)現(xiàn)大農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)出數(shù)量多,而且產(chǎn)出的品種要多,品質(zhì)夠好。既然種地不是靠農(nóng)民,而是靠農(nóng)機(jī),大農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出大食物數(shù)量多、品種多、品質(zhì)好,也要靠發(fā)展大農(nóng)機(jī)。
 
  種植業(yè)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品糧棉油麻果菜糖茶煙草藥花,加上養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的肉蛋奶菌蜂蠶魚蝦等產(chǎn)品大類,每大類產(chǎn)品又可細(xì)分為多個品種。如果這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的種植和養(yǎng)殖,都能實(shí)現(xiàn)全程和全面機(jī)械化甚至自動化和智能化,這個產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模會有多大!
 
  只要人們還吃飯,還想吃得更好,吃得更健康;就需要不停地生產(chǎn)食物,不停地生產(chǎn)品質(zhì)更好更健康的食物;就會不停地需要農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品,不停地發(fā)展更新農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)。
 
  綜上所述,我國和世界今后的大消費(fèi)產(chǎn)業(yè),一定與農(nóng)機(jī)相關(guān)!
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