2023年馬鈴薯春季田管技術(shù)意見

2023-02-09 13:35:58 來源：湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量：20791 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】當(dāng)前，隨著氣溫逐漸回升，冬春種馬鈴薯即將破土出苗，抓好馬鈴薯春季田管至關(guān)重要，據(jù)氣象部門預(yù)報，未來一段時期可能經(jīng)歷較強(qiáng)降溫過程，雨水偏多，為有效應(yīng)對災(zāi)害風(fēng)險奪取馬鈴薯豐收，特制定如下技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見。
 
　　一、確保出苗整齊。露地馬鈴薯出苗前如土面板結(jié)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行松土，以利出苗。地膜覆蓋栽培的馬鈴薯要及時破膜引苗，并用細(xì)土封住膜孔，以利于提升地溫和防止燒苗；高山區(qū)域還沒有完成播種工作的要力爭在3月1日前完成，以利出苗整齊形成高產(chǎn)壯苗，為馬鈴薯豐產(chǎn)奠定基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　二、搶晴開溝防漬害。馬鈴薯忌澇，春季雨水較多，容易引起漬害。要搶晴清溝理墑，疏通排灌水系，尤其地下水位高的田塊應(yīng)開深溝，同時注意疏通大田溝渠，確保田間不漬水。
 
　　三、早施提苗結(jié)薯肥。根據(jù)出苗長勢，露地馬鈴薯，齊苗(田間出苗80%)時應(yīng)追施一次速效提苗肥，畝施尿素5-6公斤加硫酸鉀5-8公斤兌水條施；在現(xiàn)蕾期施第一次結(jié)薯肥，畝用三元復(fù)合肥10-15公斤施于植株周圍，如果長勢較弱，苗子老殘，天旱少雨，則應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加追肥量。應(yīng)注意追施化肥時不能沾到葉片和直接接觸到根部，防止傷苗。地膜馬鈴薯，一般于苗期畝用磷酸二氫鉀200克兌水60公斤噴施葉面1-2次。若底肥施用較多，苗勢較好，則不應(yīng)追肥；若有徒長現(xiàn)象，現(xiàn)蕾前，可每畝用250克/升甲哌鎓水劑20毫升兌水20公斤均勻噴施葉面，抑制徒長，促進(jìn)結(jié)薯。
 
　　四、及時中耕培高壟。馬鈴薯培土可使植株埋入土下節(jié)數(shù)增多，增加匍匐莖的數(shù)量，形成更多和更大的塊莖，并防止塊莖見光致薯皮發(fā)青。在苗期株高10-15厘米左右時，結(jié)合中耕除草進(jìn)行第一次培土，做到鋤通壟背、除盡雜草、不傷根苗；在苗高25厘米左右時，進(jìn)行第二次中耕培土，培土5-7厘米；在開花前進(jìn)行第三次中耕鋤草，高培土，以利于結(jié)薯。
 
　　五、防止低溫凍害。在霜凍來臨前用草木灰撒施葉面或用稻草、雜草、搭建小拱棚進(jìn)行覆蓋防霜，待冷空氣或晚霜過后及時揭除；霜凍后及時清除凍死的地上植株、老葉和死葉，噴施70%甲基托布津800-1000倍或75%百菌清600-800倍藥液防止發(fā)病，在植株發(fā)出新莖新葉后，每畝用磷酸二氫鉀200克兌水60公斤噴施葉面1-2次，促進(jìn)植株生長。
 
　　六、注意病蟲害防治。有晚疫病預(yù)測預(yù)報條件地區(qū)，按照預(yù)警提示及時做好晚疫病防控；無預(yù)測預(yù)報條件，于封壟期采用代森錳鋅、丙森鋅等藥劑噴施預(yù)防晚疫病，若發(fā)現(xiàn)中心病株及時噴施克露、增威贏綠、氰霜唑、銀法利等治療性藥劑1-2次。結(jié)合晚疫病防治噴施1-2次吡蟲啉防治蚜蟲。

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