第48個(gè)世界環(huán)境日宣言：做綠色農(nóng)業(yè)踐行者

2019-06-05 16:53:03 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：55854 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】可能有人不知道，今天(6月5日)看似乎是普通的一天，卻是深有意義的世界環(huán)境日。1972年6月5日，聯(lián)合國在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩舉行了次人類環(huán)境會(huì)議，通過了《人類環(huán)境宣言》及保護(hù)環(huán)境的“行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，全體代表建議將大會(huì)開幕日定為“世界環(huán)境日”。同年10月，第27屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)根據(jù)斯德哥爾摩會(huì)議的建議，決定成立聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署，并正式將6月5日定為“世界環(huán)境日”。
 
　　而今年第48個(gè)世界環(huán)境日由中國主辦，主場活動(dòng)設(shè)在杭州，主要聚焦于“空氣污染”問題，主題是“藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，我是行動(dòng)者”，旨在進(jìn)一步動(dòng)員全社會(huì)積極參與生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)減少能源資源消耗和污染排放，自覺踐行綠色生產(chǎn)和生活方式，打好藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)等污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。
 
　　自2013年以來，我國相繼實(shí)施《大氣污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》和《打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》，把藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)作為污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的重中之重。近年來，我國在空氣污染防治方面確實(shí)取得了巨大成效。就2018年數(shù)據(jù)來看，全國首批實(shí)施新空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的74個(gè)城市，PM2.5年均濃度比2013年下降41.7%；北京市PM2.5濃度從2013年的89.5微克/立方米降到2018年的51微克/立方米；珠三角PM2.5濃度連續(xù)4年達(dá)標(biāo)，浙江省也邁入總體達(dá)標(biāo)行列；重污染天氣的發(fā)生頻次、影響范圍、污染程度都大幅減少。但“行百里者半九十”，我們不能否認(rèn)的是目前大氣環(huán)境形勢仍然不容樂觀。
 
　　關(guān)于環(huán)境污染治理，伴隨著城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展進(jìn)程的不斷加快，垃圾帶來的環(huán)境問題成為發(fā)展的“痛點(diǎn)”之一，在世界環(huán)境保護(hù)日到來之際，推行垃圾分類，關(guān)鍵是要加強(qiáng)科學(xué)管理、形成長效機(jī)制、推動(dòng)習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成。環(huán)境保護(hù)是個(gè)大問題，但是點(diǎn)滴小事卻是我們每個(gè)人都能去做的，從日常生活的點(diǎn)滴開始，比如：節(jié)約用水、垃圾分類、隨手關(guān)燈、低碳出行……
 
　　不僅如此，就農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展而言，我國也更加致力于發(fā)展綠色生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。當(dāng)前，我國的農(nóng)業(yè)資源環(huán)境遭受著外源性污染和內(nèi)源性污染的雙重壓力，農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展遭遇瓶頸。化肥、農(nóng)藥長期不合理且過量使用，畜禽糞便、農(nóng)作物秸稈和農(nóng)田殘膜等農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物不合理處置……總體狀況不容樂觀。
 
　　為此，不論是《到2020年化肥使用量零增長行動(dòng)方案》和《到2020年農(nóng)藥使用量零增長行動(dòng)方案》對于構(gòu)建病蟲監(jiān)測預(yù)警體系、推進(jìn)科學(xué)用藥、綠色防控、統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治的要求，還是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械購置補(bǔ)貼政策的引導(dǎo)，都更加注重綠色環(huán)保與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 
　　《2018—2020年農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施指導(dǎo)意見》中明確指出要優(yōu)先保證深松整地、免耕播種、植保、節(jié)水灌溉、施肥、秸稈還田離田、殘膜回收、畜禽糞污資源化利用、病死畜禽無害化處理等支持農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展機(jī)具的補(bǔ)貼需要。2019—2020年的農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼要求也更加突出綠色向?qū)?，要?strong>順應(yīng)需求發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)機(jī)，包括大力支持深松整地、秸稈還田離田、畜禽糞污資源化利用等綠色裝備的推廣應(yīng)用，擬安排180億元農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼資金對綠色農(nóng)機(jī)“應(yīng)補(bǔ)盡補(bǔ)”。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)層面，秸稈還田技術(shù)改善了傳統(tǒng)的焚燒方式，避免了焚燒所帶來的大氣污染；有機(jī)肥替代化肥技術(shù)加快推進(jìn)了畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物及農(nóng)作物秸稈資源化利用；農(nóng)田殘膜回收技術(shù)按照殘膜回收工藝，使用不同類型的殘膜回收機(jī)具對不同作物進(jìn)行回收；水稻機(jī)插秧同步側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)具有顯著的提高肥料利用率、促進(jìn)水稻生長、降低成本等優(yōu)勢，是農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展方向；蔬菜全程綠色生產(chǎn)技術(shù)通過三大項(xiàng)十小項(xiàng)集成技術(shù)示范，探索建立以全程綠色生產(chǎn)技術(shù)為支撐的、多領(lǐng)域融合發(fā)展模式。

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