露從今夜白，預(yù)防低溫冷害和病蟲害

2018-09-08 11:21:30 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：39318 評(píng)論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】“八月節(jié)……陰氣漸重，露凝而白也。” 
——《月令七十二候集解》
9月8日剛好是今年的第十五個(gè)節(jié)氣——白露，從這天開始，天氣開始逐漸轉(zhuǎn)涼，晝夜溫差變大。露是白露節(jié)氣后特有的一種自然現(xiàn)象。由于天氣轉(zhuǎn)涼，白晝陽陽光尚熱，然太陽下山，氣溫便很快下降，至夜間空氣中的水氣遇冷凝結(jié)成細(xì)小的水滴，附著在枝葉或花瓣上，呈白色，尤其是經(jīng)晨光照射，更加潔白無瑕，因而得“白露”美名，實(shí)際是表征天氣已轉(zhuǎn)涼。也有“白露白迷迷，秋分稻秀齊。”的說法，意思是說，白露前后若有露，則晚稻將有好收成。

 
未來三日天氣狀況
此后三日，全國大部分地區(qū)將有降雨，其中，西藏東南部、四川南部、海南島南部和中國臺(tái)灣島大部等地的局地有大雨或暴雨，南方地區(qū)伴隨大風(fēng)降溫天氣。因此，要注意關(guān)注冷空氣活動(dòng)和降溫天氣對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的影響，以及局部地區(qū)強(qiáng)降水可能引發(fā)的山洪、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害及雷暴大風(fēng)等強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣的影響。
另外，在這之后，北方地區(qū)降水將開始明顯減少，長江中下游地區(qū)、西南地區(qū)東部、華南和華西地區(qū)往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)連陰雨天氣，華南沿?？赡軙?huì)有臺(tái)風(fēng)造成的大暴雨。但同時(shí)還將重視的是如果長江中下游地區(qū)的伏旱、華西地區(qū)、華南地區(qū)的夏旱，得不到秋雨的滋潤，都可能形成夏秋連旱。北方部分地區(qū)如果出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重秋旱不僅影響會(huì)秋季作物收成，還會(huì)延誤秋播作物的播種和出苗生長，影響來年收成。
 
預(yù)防低溫冷害和病蟲害
這一時(shí)節(jié)冷空氣日趨活躍，常出現(xiàn)秋季低溫天氣，影響晚稻抽穗揚(yáng)花，因此要預(yù)防低溫冷害和病蟲害。冷空氣入侵時(shí)，可采用灌水保溫，低溫之前灌水二寸以上，可增溫1~2℃。低溫來時(shí)，晴天可日排夜灌淺水；陰雨天則要灌厚水；一般天氣應(yīng)干干濕濕，以濕為主。
 
農(nóng)事管理
蔬菜：秋收作物成熟后，菠菜、油麥菜等速生蔬菜陸續(xù)播種，以滿足國慶節(jié)前后的市場需求。根據(jù)各種蔬菜栽培要點(diǎn)精細(xì)整地后均勻播種，覆土深淺以保證出苗所需土壤墑情即可。田間管理需做好跳甲、菜青蟲、蚜蟲的防治。此外，為了讓市民吃上“放心菜”，除嚴(yán)禁使用劇毒農(nóng)藥外，采收前必須掌握用藥安全間隔期。
水稻：抓好稻田水分管理，適度露曬田，控制禾苗分蘗且提高有效分蘗率。注意防治稻瘟病、紋枯病、稻飛虱、三化螟和稻縱卷葉螟等。
茶葉：在進(jìn)行白露茶采摘的同時(shí)，可選擇優(yōu)良的茶樹品種，進(jìn)行扦插育苗。秋插要選好地塊，整好苗床；扦插前，苗床須充分灑水；扦插時(shí)，用拇指和食指來住插穗的葉柄著生處，垂直或稍微斜插入土中，深度以葉柄與畦面平齊為宜；插好后及時(shí)進(jìn)行苗圃管理。
花生：秋花生正值始花期，應(yīng)注意施足底肥、及時(shí)追肥，否則常因前期營養(yǎng)不足引起植株?duì)I養(yǎng)生長不良，致使產(chǎn)量不高；前期雨水多，花生苗期怕漬，要及時(shí)疏溝排水，防止田間積水；注意病蟲害防治，出苗后要及時(shí)查苗，補(bǔ)苗，并加強(qiáng)肥水管理。
畜禽：九月份中旬以后，天氣由熱轉(zhuǎn)涼，是水牛長膘和繁殖的黃金季節(jié)，必須及時(shí)抓好秋膘，及時(shí)做好配種繁殖工作；做好越冬干草的貯存工作、保溫措施；生豬要做好消毒隔離工作，防止高熱癥為特征的傳染病的發(fā)生，山羊做好羊痘疫苗預(yù)防接種。
水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖：9月水溫、氣溫較高，養(yǎng)殖魚類進(jìn)入快速生長期，也是病害的高發(fā)季節(jié)，要做好飼料投喂與病害預(yù)防工作?？稍陲暳现羞m當(dāng)添加維生素、免疫增強(qiáng)劑等提高抗病力。同時(shí)要密切關(guān)注暴雨、臺(tái)風(fēng)等突發(fā)性天氣，要重點(diǎn)做好預(yù)防臺(tái)風(fēng)、洪水等措施。
 
此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：中國氣象局、博羅農(nóng)技，如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

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