嚴(yán)寒未走 水產(chǎn)品防護(hù)不能丟

2018-02-01 16:12:43 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：27155 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】1月30日，中央氣象臺(tái)繼續(xù)發(fā)布寒潮藍(lán)色預(yù)警：1月30日夜間至2月5日，受頻繁南下的冷空氣影響，我國(guó)中東部地區(qū)氣溫將持續(xù)偏低狀態(tài)。黃淮、江漢、江淮、江南、華南等地的部分地區(qū)氣溫較常年偏低4～6℃。冷空氣突襲，農(nóng)林牧漁業(yè)都要加強(qiáng)防護(hù)，對(duì)于漁業(yè)來說寒冷的冬季也正是漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)捕撈上市的旺季，那怎樣才能確保水產(chǎn)品安全越冬呢？
 
　　增氧防寒。預(yù)防池塘結(jié)冰技術(shù)：在還沒有結(jié)冰的池塘，每畝水面配置增氧機(jī)，24小時(shí)不間斷開啟增氧機(jī)，可有效預(yù)防結(jié)冰或?qū)⒊靥了惶岣叩?米左右，加固和修補(bǔ)溫棚，保持水質(zhì)水溫的穩(wěn)定。；如果池塘已經(jīng)結(jié)冰，且冰層較厚陽光難以射入水下，可將池塘四周3米范圍內(nèi)的冰砸破，讓光線透入水中，可防止魚蝦缺氧。
 
　　深水防寒。選擇背風(fēng)向陽、水深2米以上的池塘，可使魚類安全越冬。同時(shí)越冬池水不能長(zhǎng)期處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，通常每20～30天調(diào)換部分池水，每次換去總池水的1/4～1/5，以防止池水污染。有條件的還可利用溫泉水、地下深井水等自然環(huán)境條件進(jìn)行越冬。
 
　　飼料投喂防寒。越冬時(shí)期飼料的投喂，應(yīng)注重高蛋白質(zhì)精料的添加。這樣可以防止越冬魚類體質(zhì)下降，配制時(shí)應(yīng)注意營(yíng)養(yǎng)搭配，尤其是氨基酸的平衡、維生素和微量元素的充足。一般魚類越冬期間飼料的蛋白質(zhì)含量宜在25%左右，可以細(xì)糠、麩皮、豆餅、麥芽等為主，并經(jīng)常搭配投喂一些綠萍、鮮嫩菜葉。
 
　　除了要防寒，還要加強(qiáng)病害的防治。水產(chǎn)品因其生長(zhǎng)生活的特定環(huán)境，在發(fā)病初期其癥狀往往不太明顯，再加上冬季巡塘的工作粗枝大葉就更難察覺，常常會(huì)錯(cuò)過治理的佳時(shí)機(jī)。正確的做法應(yīng)該是無病先防、防治結(jié)合。在寒潮期間，魚蝦等水產(chǎn)品免疫力下降，且易發(fā)三毛金藻病。因此要采取綜合措施，提早預(yù)防。包括徹底清塘、魚種消毒、定期注水和科學(xué)施肥、定期內(nèi)服外治等。另外，也更要提高巡塘觀察力度，認(rèn)真觀察水溫、水質(zhì)等水產(chǎn)品的生存環(huán)境，做好記錄，確保發(fā)現(xiàn)問題能夠及時(shí)解決。
 
　　每年的一二月份大多數(shù)養(yǎng)殖水產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入銷售旺季，養(yǎng)殖戶在抓住春節(jié)前的有利時(shí)機(jī)及早將水產(chǎn)品銷售出去的同時(shí)，要充分利用捕撈、交通運(yùn)輸工具，將已達(dá)到商品規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品，及時(shí)捕撈上市，降低存塘量，避免造成更大損失。
 
　　進(jìn)入冬季，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖基本上處于休整期，是一年養(yǎng)殖過程中清閑的季節(jié)，但這并不意味著這時(shí)期的工作并不重要，如果對(duì)這期間的幾項(xiàng)工作不給予足夠的重視，將會(huì)極大的影響來年的養(yǎng)殖效益，因此冬季水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖應(yīng)認(rèn)真抓好水產(chǎn)品的防護(hù)工作。

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